芜湖皖28井水位异常综合分析

针对2011年芜湖皖28井水位破年变异常,系统梳理该井相关资料,利用水位变幅、相关性分析及相对变差率进行分析.结果表明,该项异常信度较高,反映区域构造活动信息,是周边几次中等强度地震的共同前兆.通过剩余曲线、从属函数等数学方法,对该井历年水位观测数据进行异常识别.研究表明,该井水位异常主要表现为短期异常特征,与该井孔西北、西南侧中等地震有较好的对应关系.     

Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations with atmospheric humidity

Our analysis of fog and haze observations from the surface weather stations in China in recent 50 years(from 1961 to 2011)shows that the number of fog days has experienced two-stage variations,with an increasing trend before 1980 and a decreasing trend after 1990.Especially,an obvious decreasing trend after 1990 can be clearly seen,which is consistent with the decreasing trend of the surface relative humidity.However,the number of haze days has demonstrated an increasing trend.As such,the role of reduction of atmospheric relative humidity in the transition process from fog into haze has been further investigated.It is estimated that the mean relative humidity of haze days is about 69%,lower than previously estimated,which implies that it is more difficult for the haze particles to transform into fog drops.This is possibly one of the major environmental factors leading to the reduction of number of fog days.The threshold of the relative humidity for transition from fog into haze is about82%,also lower than previously estimated.Thus,the reduction of the surface relative humidity in China mainly due to the increase of the surface temperature and the saturation specific humidity may exert an obvious impact on the environmental conditions for the formations of fog and haze.In addition,our investigation of the relationship between haze and visibility reveals that with the increase of haze days,the visibility has declined markedly.Since 1961,the mean visibility has dropped from 4–10to 2–4 km,about a half of the previous horizontal distance of visibility.     

Controlling factors on the submarine canyon system: A case study of the Central Canyon System in the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

Based on an integrated analysis of high-resolution 2D/3D seismic data and drilling results, this study analyzes the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) since the late Miocene, and discusses the controlling factors on the formation and development of the Central Canyon System (CCS). The sediment failures caused by the relative sea level falling might have discharged deposits from the slope to the canyon. The two suits of the infillings, i.e., turbidites and mass transport complex (MTC), were derived from the northwestern source and northern source, respectively. The sediment supplies, which differ significantly among different areas, might have led to the variations observed in the internal architectures. Tectonic transformation around 11.6 Ma had provided the tectonic setting for the CCS and formed an axial sub-basin in the central part of the Changchang Depression, which could be called the rudiment of the CCS. The tectonic activity of the Red River Fault (RRF) at about 5.7 Ma might have strengthened the hydrodynamics of the deposits at the junction of the Yinggehai Basin (YGHB) and the QDNB to trigger a high-energy turbidity current. The MTC from the northern continental slope system might have been constrained by the Southern Uplift, functioning as a barrier for the infillings of the CCS. Thanks to a sufficient sediment supply during the Holocene period and the paleo-seafloor morphology, the relief of modern central canyon with the starving landform in the eastern Changchang Depression might have been accentuated by deposition of sediments and vertical growth along the canyon flanks, where collapse deposits were widely developed. Corresponding to the segmentation of the CCS, the forming mechanisms of the canyon between the three segments would be different. The turbidite channel in the head area had likely been triggered by the abundant sediment supply from the northwestern source together with the fault activity at about 5.7 Ma of the RRF. The formation and evolution of the canyon in the western segment were caused by combined effects of the turbidite channel from the northwestern source, the MTC from the northern continental slope, and the paleo-seafloor geomorphology. In the eastern segment, the canyon was constrained by the tectonic transformation occurring at approximately 11.6 Ma and the insufficient sediment supply from the wide-gentle slope.     

基于WEBGIS的地震快速反应系统

旨在介绍在对辽宁省地震监测中心的多个应用系统的高度提炼下,通过WEBgIS构建地震快速反应系统的整个过程。本文简要叙述了系统的主要开发目标,介绍了系统的软件架构和功能设计,阐述了使用网络技术和开源组件实现本系统的方法,总结了系统特点。     

考虑节点半刚性影响的预压装配式PC框架内力分析

考虑节点半刚性的影响下,建立了预压装配式预应力混凝土框架在竖向荷载作用下的内力分析模型,采用螺旋弹簧模拟节点连接的半刚性,导出了梁端节点相对转动刚度K不同时的杆件单元刚度矩阵,并对试验框架进行了受力验算.研究表明,在节点半刚性的影响下,预压装配式PC框架梁端弯矩有所降低,较按节点刚接计算,框架受力更接近于实际状态,与试验值吻合较好.     

远震相对走时数据快速计算方法及应用

远震层析成像技术已成为研究地球深部速度结构最为主要的方法,而其所用数据通常为初至震相的相对走时残差值.本文针对信噪比差的远震波形资料提出一种计算远震相对走时残差数据的快速方法,整个计算过程全部由计算机自动完成.该方法主要有两大特点:(1)利用互相关方法计算波形间的偏移时间时引入波形相位信息,有效压制噪声,增强有用震相的识别;(2)改进常规方法中计算相对走时残差的理论公式,避免求解超定方程组,提高计算精度.为验证新方法的可行性和实用性,以长江中下游地区远震波形资料为例,采用常规方法和新方法分别计算相对走时残差数据,对比结果显示:新方法比常规方法的工作效率和数据精度都高.     

2030年上海地区相对海平面变化趋势的研究和预测

从全球气候变化区域响应角度,依据1912-2000年吴淞验潮站年平均潮位资料,构建灰色线性回归组合模型,并将其与最小二乘法和小波变换相结合,分析以吴淞为代表的上海绝对海平面长期变化趋势和周期变化规律。由此预测2030年上海绝对海平面相对2011年的上升值为4 cm,结合已公布的构造沉降和城市地面沉降、流域水土保持和大型水利工程及人工挖沙导致的河口河槽冲刷、河口围海造地和深水航道及跨江跨海大桥导致水位抬升等叠加效应及其变化趋势,预测2030年上海市相对海平面上升10～16 cm,陆地海平面上升有7个风险分区。     

Collapse capacity of soil‐structure systems under pulse‐like earthquakes

In this paper, a comprehensive study is carried out to examine the possibility of dynamic instability produced in soil‐structure systems using an ensemble of 50 pulse‐like records. A number of structural models with various vibration periods varying from 0.1 to 2 s are used in this study. The superstructure is simulated as a non‐linear SDOF oscillator with a two‐segment backbone curve having negative post‐yield stiffness. The soil is idealized based on the cone model concept widely used for practical purposes. The results of this investigation demonstrate that as the pulse period increases, the collapse relative lateral strength ratio decreases and probability of dynamic instability enhances. Moreover, soil flexibility makes the system dynamically more unstable, and as the non‐dimensional frequency increases, the collapse relative lateral strength ratio highly reduces. Additionally, the aspect ratio has insignificant effects on the collapse relative lateral strength ratio. Furthermore, comparison of the collapse relative lateral strength ratios resulting from pulse‐like motions with those obtained from studies under non‐pulse‐like motions (Miranda and Akkar; FEMA 440) for fixed‐base conditions shows that high‐velocity pulses exacerbate the dynamic instability problem and decrease the collapse relative lateral strength ratio. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用主动震源直达波互相关时延检测技术监测小江断裂带浅层地震波波速变化

为了监测云南小江断裂带附近地震波波速的连续变化,2006年4月在小江断裂带以西10 km布置了一条长235 m的主动震源浅勘测线,进行为期1个月的连续观测实验。采用前后互相关技术对直达波进行了高精度波速变化测量,分析得到以下结果和结论:(1)实验期间,实验点地下介质存在相对波速变化δv/v≈10-3~10-2;(2)波速变化随震中距增加迅速减小,这可能反映了较浅层波速变化与较深层相比更剧烈;(3)波速变化和大气压变化有很好的相关性,相对波速变化对大气压的敏感系数为10-6Pa-1量级;(4)降雨会显著影响波速与气压的关系,降雨前相对波速变化随气压增加而增加,而降雨后相对波速则与气压呈负相关。     

喀斯特石漠化治理区不同土地利用方式的小气候效应

研究小气候变化对植被恢复的响应机制可为喀斯特地区石漠化综合防治提供理论依据。文章选取喀斯特高原山地和高原峡谷石漠化综合防治示范区4种土地利用类型为研究对象,通过常规的小气候监测方法,在雨季前(4月)、雨季(8月)、雨季后(12月)对4种土地利用类型的大气温度、光照强度、相对湿度、土壤温度日变化进行监测和对比分析。结果表明:（1）4种土地利用方式中,大气温度、光照强度和土壤温度均表现为石漠化裸地>农耕地>灌木林>林地,而相对湿度的变化规律则反之:林地>灌木林>农耕地>石漠化裸地,说明林地的小气候调节作用最优,而石漠化裸地最差,与其石漠化治理和植被恢复效果相对应;（2）高原峡谷的大气温度、光照强度和相对湿度在不同的季节和不同土地利用方式下都显著高于高原山地,不同土层的土壤温度是高原山地显著低于高原峡谷;（3）各土地利用方式的小气候季节差异明显,大气温度、土壤温度均为:雨季(8月)>雨季前(4月)>雨季后(12月),而光照强度、相对湿度为:雨季(8月)>雨季后(12月)>雨季前（4月),8月各小气候指标值最高,且不同土地利用方式和治理区间的差异亦最大,因此,选取8月进行小气候监测以比较各土地利用方式和治理区之间的差异要优于其他两个月份。