Comparative hydrogeology – reference analysis of groundwater dynamics from neighbouring observation wells

ABSTRACT

Groundwater level fluctuations are caused by spatial and temporal superposition of processes within and outside the aquifer system. Most of the subsurface processes are usually observed on a small scale. Upscaling to the regional scale, as required for future climate change scenarios, is difficult due to data scarcity and increasing complexity. In contrast to the limited availability of system characteristics, high-resolution data records of groundwater hydrographs are more generally available. Exploiting the information contained in these records should thus be a priority for analysis of the chronical lack of data describing groundwater system characteristics. This study analyses the applicability of 63 indices derived from daily hydrographs to quantify different dynamics of groundwater levels in unconfined gravel aquifers from three groundwater regions (Bavaria, Germany). Based on the results of two different skill tests, the study aids index selection for different dynamic components of groundwater hydrographs.     

90年代我国区域经济合作政策效果分析

通过对90年代以来我国区域经济合作的具体实践进行总结和分析,论证分析我国推动地区经济技术合作政策的合理性和可行性。作者从明确中央政府和地方政府有关地区经济技术合作以及区域经济合作的政策目标出发,深入分析区域合作组织的合作动力机制及其实际进展,对区域经济合作取得的成果与当前区域合作中遇到的障碍和问题进行客观评价,并在此基础上提出有关政策建议。提出区域合作组织的发展只能对中央政府推动地区合作战略目标的实现作局部性贡献;总体而言,我国政府通过提倡地区经济技术合作来解决区域问题的国家地区协调发展战略目标的实现在一定阶段内缺少现实合理性。     

藏北高原D110点不同季节土壤温度的日变化特征

利用１９９８年ＧＡＭＥ－Ｔｉｂｅｔ加强观测期间取得的一个年周期的土壤温度资料,对藏北高原Ｄ１１０点土壤温度日变化特征的月际变化进行了分析。结果表明,在夏半年（５－９）月土壤温度存在明显的日变化,且基本上按正弦曲线变化,但相位随深度的增加而滞后;冬半年土壤温度尽管也存在日变化,但变幅较小。     

近60a新疆区域气温降水变化事实分析

利用1961～2017年新疆89个国家级气象观测站57年气温和降水量整编资料,采用一元线性回归进行趋势倾向估计,用最小二乘法反映气候要素的年平均增加、减少速率及年变化趋势。结果表明：新疆及北疆、天山山区、南疆各分区的年和四季平均气温呈现一致的上升趋势,其中新疆年平均升温速率为0.31℃/10a,90年代后期以后出现了明显增暖。冬季升温趋势最明显,夏季最弱。全疆和各分区的年、四季降水量呈现一致的增多趋势,新疆年降水量增加速率为10.14mm/10a。2010年代以来比1960年代增多了30%。冬季降水量增多趋势最明显。1961～2017年新疆气候变化较明显,总体在向暖湿方向变化。     

江淮梅雨对东亚副热带夏季风进程及海温异常的响应

利用1960—2020年江淮地区75个气象站逐日降水量、气温、相对湿度资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和Hadley中心海表温度资料，研究了东亚副热带夏季风进程变异对江淮梅雨的影响，揭示了不同类型梅雨期太平洋海温及大气环流异常特征。结果表明：8种江淮梅雨类型中，多雨型占45.9%，少雨型占54.1%，其中多雨型在前30 a占36.7%，后31 a占63.3%。江淮典型梅雨年（高温高湿多雨）的主要特征为安徽南部、江苏中部及湖北东部地区降水偏多，安徽南部、江西东北部及浙江西北部气温偏高，淮河流域湿度大；而在非典型梅雨年（低温低湿少雨）大部分地区雨量偏少，气温呈"东高西低"分布，低温中心区位于淮河中游，湿度呈"西大东小"分布。欧亚大陆中高纬度阻塞高压增强，脊前向南输送的西北气流加强且路径偏东，中国东北冷涡强度较强且位置偏西南，东亚大槽加深，槽后冷空气向南输送，有利于典型梅雨形成。当前期冬春季赤道东太平洋海温异常偏高，西太平洋海温异常偏低时，西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、面积偏大、脊线位置偏南、西伸脊点偏西，东亚副热带夏季风推进到江淮地区的时间偏早，出梅偏晚，梅雨期降水量偏多。     

山东省区域地球物理场

山东省各岩石磁性及密度参数基本可分为高、中、低 3类。山东省磁性结晶基底为泰山岩群、荆山群、胶东岩群、胶南岩群。以沂沭断裂带为界 ,山东省区域地球物理场分为鲁东区和鲁西区。鲁东区进一步划分为 3个次级区 ,即北部区、中部区和南部区。鲁西区进一步划分为 5个次级区 ,即鲁北重磁缓变区、鲁西南重高磁高区、中部弧形重磁场区、鲁西中部重低磁高区、鲁中南条带状重磁场区。各区地球物理场由于地质原因各具特点。山东省莫氏面总体呈东浅西深的缓变带 ,在该缓变带的背景上 ,呈周边地区条带状幔隆、中部幔坳的特征。山东省居里面呈近南北向带状分布 ,有德州聊城菏泽隆起带、滨州淄博滕州深坳带、蓬莱海阳千里岩响水隆起带。鲁中隆起北部碰撞带为山东省特殊的构造地带 ,其特征为侵入岩体沿该带断续出现、岩体围岩或岩体内铜及多金属矿化较为普遍、地热田沿该带时有分布、地形上为南部山区和北部平原的分界地带。胶莱盆地内 ,蓼兰—高密缺失莱阳群层位 ;中生代早期 ,盆地东北部与西南部是盆地的沉积中心 ,至晚期盆地中心北移 ,第三纪沉积中心则为平度蓼兰附近 ;盆地较深部位位于诸城凹陷、平度凹陷。胶莱盆地的次级构造单元可划分为 11个 ,七级镇构造带控制了胶莱盆地的成生和发展。山东省岩浆岩通常表     

Analysis of the spectrum of the coronal condensation of the total eclipse of 1983 June 11

We analyzed the spectrum of a coronal condensation observed during the total eclipse of 1983 June 11. Under the assumption of rotational symmetry we found the distributions of the electron density and the temperature. The electron density was higher in the centre of the condensation than on the edge. From different line pairs the maximum electron density was found to be between 1.7 3.5×10⁹cm⁻³ while the temperature was found to be basically uniform at 1.7 2.7×10⁶K. The turbulence velocity was 15 35km/s. The systematic flow of the condensation region with respect to the quiet corona was not more than 15km/s. Discussion of the instrumental profile showed that its effect was small on lines that were much wider than the profile.     

青藏高原物质东流的岩石层力学背景探讨

利用地表大地热流观测资料、岩石生热率及热导率数据研究了三江和四川盆地 6个地区的岩石层平均温度结构及强度分布。结果表明 ,整个三江地区岩石层温度较高 ,而四川盆地温度较低 ;在岩石层强度分布上 ,四川盆地为高强度区 ,而三江地区则为低强度区 ;整个三江地区构成了一条青藏高原物质东流的低强度通道 ;由于四川盆地高强度块体的阻挡 ,青藏高原向东的物质流在此转向近南向 ,沿三江地区流逸 ;不同岩石层块体的强度差异可能是控制高原物质流动态势的重要力学背景之一。     

DIAGNOSIS ON LOW FREQUENCY COMPONENT OF ENSO VARIABILITY—PART Ⅱ:ORIGIN OF THE COMPONENT

Diagnosis is undertaken on the origin for the low-frequency component (LFC) of ENSOvariability in the context of 1979—1990 OLR and u-wind datasets.Evidence suggests that ① apower spectrum-yielded maximum,significant statistically,is derived from the OLR monthlyanomalies in a 3—5-year period range over the tropical central/western Pacific;②compositeanalysis of the signals of the monthly anomaly low frequency component (period>3 years)confirms further the dynamic features of the component as documented in Part Ⅰ:③serving asforcing on ENSO,the related monsoon region represents the source area of the component;④theone-point correlation maps of unfiltered OLR monthly anomalies with zonal wind on a lagged,asimultaneous and a leading basis show clearly the close relation between the u wind-associatedeastward travelling low-frequency wave and the low-frequency oscillation of low-latitude central/western Pacific large-scale convection and the east-moving mode is likely to be excited by theoscillation at a 3—5-year period range.It follows that the large-scale convection oscillation showsup as the origin of the eastward waves,i.e.,ENSO LFC.     

The 3-hour-interval prediction of ground-level temperature in South Korea using dynamic linear models

The 3-hour-interval prediction of ground-level temperature from 00 h out to 45 h in South Korea(38 stations) is performed using the DLM (dynamic linear model) in order to eliminate the systematic error of numerical model forecasts. Numerical model forecasts and observations are used as input values of the DLM. According to the comparison of the DLM forecasts to the KFM (Kalman filter model) forecasts with RMSE and bias, the DLM is useful to improve the accuracy of prediction.