Analysis of multivariate point distributions and chemical grouping of rocks

Large sets of rock compositions can be grouped by the analysis of corresponding point distributions in multidimensional space, where the separate dimensions represent the chemical variables. The point density around each composition is estimated in a small, multivariate, rectangular interval. Establishment of the identity of specimens contained in the interval, and systematic comparison of the point densities surrounding each of them, leads to the recognition of density maxima, which represent the statistical modes of the rock types present in the set. The remaining specimens by the same operations can be assigned to the groups formed. Experimental results are given for two sets, one comprising a wide variety of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks from the ore-bearing Skellefte district and adjacent parts of V?sterbotten, Sweden, and the other representing a less variable population of basic rocks from Norrbotten, Sweden. Linear discriminant analysis and existing geological information indicate that the groups obtained are statistically and geologically valid.     

土壤类型遥感识别推理决策器研究

介绍了干旱区土壤类型遥感识别推理决策器的设计原理与实现方法。在用TM遥感图像对土壤类型进行非监督分类的基础上，建立了正向推理与逆向推理相结合的推理机制，对土壤类型进行分类识别决策。用知识表示的产生式规则与框架式规则相结合的数据结构表示土壤学专家的土壤分类识别知识。用像结构模式建立了土壤分类识别的规则，构造了土壤分类判决树，并用典型像例模式进行了各类型土壤判据文件的组织。用该方法对新疆天山北麓阜康试验区的土壤分类识别进行了试验研究。结果表明，该方法分类精度可靠，为干旱区土壤分类识别开辟了一条新的途径。     

Classification of rainfall into small- and large-scale events by statistical pattern recognition

Scale properties of daily areal rainfall in south-eastern Norway are investigated, and the events are classified into small- and large-scale events by statistical pattern recognition. The coefficient of variation and the standard deviation, computed from all precipitation gauges for one event, are considered to be mutually independent and are assigned gamma densities. The two statistical parameters form a feature vector which is used as the discriminatory variable in the classification algorithm. Empirical and theoretical semivariograms were fitted to the classified sets of events, and the parameters of the semivariogram (nugget, sill and range) were investigated for each set. Different values for all parameters were found, and the differences in range, describing the scale of the phenomena, were further investigated by the use of cross validation with the MSIE (mean squared interpolation error) criterion. Optimal range of daily small-scale precipitation was found to be 16 km (19 km without nugget effect), and 33 km (70 km without nugget effect) for daily large-scale precipitation. These optimal values for range, however, proved to be of small consequence for the estimated areal precipitation using kriging interpolation. Areal precipitation was computed for catchments of size 50 km² and 1200 km², and insignificant differences in the computed areal precipitation were found when applying the class-specific semivariograms instead of the mean semivariogram calculated from all events regardless of class. However, when areal reduction factors (ARFs) were derived from the analytical expressions of the class-specific semivariograms, considerable differences were found for the ARF curves of the two precipitation types. The difference became more marked for precipitation events of low probability of occurrence.     

山东苍山5.2级地震定点形变异常的识别

利用长趋势异常、矢量曲线、γ因子等方法对泰安、郯城、徐州３个台的７套倾斜仪进行了异常识别，得出泰安ＳＱ—７０石英倾斜仪、徐州ＳＱ—７０石英倾斜仪反映了山东苍山５．２级地震异常信息的结论。     

NaBr-RbBr熔盐体系相图

采用偏最小二乘法 (PLS) ,对一价金属卤化物同阴离子二元系固溶体形成规律进行了研究 ,根据研究结果预报表明NaBr-RbBr系可能形成固溶体。并采用差热分析法和目测法重新测定了NaBr-RbBr熔盐体系相图 ,对实验结果进行了热力学评估 ,结果表明认为该体系形成有限固溶体较为合理     

三维工业物体的一种关系数据结构及协调标号算法

提出一种用于描述三维工业物体的关系数据结构，将关系匹配归结为一个关系同构或协调标号问题。提出了３种修剪算子，它充分利用关系数据结构的多重约束、一对一映射约束、关系符号表与基元符号表的映射作为知识启发来修剪搜索树，从而大大简化了物体匹配中的协调标号或关系同构问题     

遥感图像面状目标识别的智能可视化模型

建立实用的遥感图像分析系统涉及诸多因素，其中，形成有效的目标提取算法体系和设立适于目前人工智能水平的基于知识的框架是两个核心问题。本文提出了一种利用对光谱特征空间分布进行可视化图形处理的新的分类方案，继而以光谱、纹理和空间知识对分类结果进行优化。这种集可视化分析、栅格ＧＩＳ处理功能和人类判读专家知识于一体的系统为解决遥感图像地物识别这一复杂问题提供了有效途径。     

中短期强震危险地点的跟踪预测

系统研究强震前活动及各种前兆空间上的演化特性，提出确定危险区，危险地段，危险地点的基本原则，顾及地质背景及前兆的时序特点，提出用累积危险度跟踪预测强震危险地点的方法，并在对唐山地震及大同地震的验证中收到预期的效果，累积危险度的高值葬，是未来强震发生的地点。     

用因子分析法识别地震孕震信息的研究

探索了用因子分析法识别地震孕育信息。结果很好地反映了共和等地震的孕育信息在震前及震后的演化过程，表明了地震活动性和前兆是同一地震孕育过程中不同阶段或同一阶段的不同表现形式，指出了不同的因子在预报中的时间意义     

基于BP神经网络的点状地图符号识别

点状地图符号的识别是实现扫描方式地图自动数字化的重要研究内容之一，本文首先分析介绍ＢＰ网络模型及其学习算法，然后根据ＢＰ模型本身所存在的一些不足之处，提出相应的改进措施，还以实际扫描地图图像进行相应的实验验证，最后，对网络的输入模式加以讨论，提出了三种减小网络规模的具体方法。