An assessment of Arctic cloud water paths in atmospheric reanalyses

The role of Arctic clouds in the recent rapid Arctic warming has attracted much attention. However, Arctic cloud water paths(CWPs) from reanalysis datasets have not been well evaluated. This study evaluated the CWPs as well as LWPs(cloud liquid water paths) and IWPs(cloud ice water paths) from five reanalysis datasets(MERRA-2,MERRA, ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and ERA5) against the COSP(Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package) output for MODIS from the MERRA-2 CSP(COSP satellite simulator) collection(defined as M2 Modis in short). Averaged over 1980–2015 and over the Arctic region(north of 60°N), the mean CWPs of these five datasets range from 49.5 g/m~2(MERRA) to 82.7 g/m~2(ERA-Interim), much smaller than that from M2 Modis(140.0 g/m~2). However, the spatial distributions of CWPs, show similar patterns among these reanalyses, with relatively small values over Greenland and large values over the North Atlantic. Consistent with M2 Modis, these reanalyses show larger LWPs than IWPs, except for ERA-Interim. However, MERRA-2 and MERRA underestimate the ratio of IWPs to CWPs over the entire Arctic, while ERA-Interim and JRA-55 overestimate this ratio. ERA5 shows the best performance in terms of the ratio of IWPs to CWPs. All datasets exhibit larger CWPs and LWPs in summer than in winter. For M2 Modis, IWPs hold seasonal variation similar with LWPs over the land but opposite over the ocean. Following the Arctic warming, the trends in LWPs and IWPs during 1980～2015 show that LWPs increase and IWPs decrease across all datasets, although not statistically significant. Correlation analysis suggests that all datasets have similar interannual variability. The study further found that the inclusion of re-evaporation processes increases the humidity in the atmosphere over the land and that a more realistic liquid/ice phase can be obtained by independently treating the liquid and ice water contents.     

江汉--洞庭湖平原区构造沉降GPS监测的试验与研究

地质构造沉降是地壳的一个长期、缓慢运动过程。开展区域性地质构造沉降GPS监测研究，对地质调查具有十分重要的意义。介绍了高精度GPS高程测量在江汉～洞庭湖平原区构造沉降观测中的数据处理方法，并得出了一些有益的结论。     

利用球体剖分瓦块构建真三维数字地球平台

全球离散网格是面向空间大数据的模型框架,常用于构建数字地球平台。基于球体的剖分瓦块不仅可以构建真三维的数字地球模型,而且可以实现天地一体化的空间数据集成、融合、表达和应用。本文详细论述了球体大圆弧QTM八叉树网格的剖分原理、网格几何特征分析和编解码方法等理论体系,并利用剖分瓦块实现了球体的任意分割以及地下、地表和空中实体的可视化建模。研究表明,球体QTM网格具有剖分规则简单、体系规整、几何特征明晰,适用性强等特点,尤其是可以推广到椭球。因而,该方案可用于天地一体化的空间数据的组织、管理与应用。     

BDS卫星钟差半参数平差模型异常数据探测与处理

针对北斗卫星钟差数据中出现钟跳、粗差等异常数据频次较高的问题,将半参数平差模型引入BDS的钟差数据的处理过程中。首先,在考虑系统误差的同时,改进了常用的钟差模型;其次,综合考虑异常数据和系统误差,利用补偿最小二乘原理和极值求解方法,详细推导了分离异常数据前后参数和非参数估计值与相应观测值改正数的关系表达式,实现了异常数据的定值、参数求解和系统误差分离。在此基础上,引入Cook距离,给出了利用参数分量和非参数分量的Cook距离及混合Cook距离,去判断异常值的位置,并给出了一些参数的选取方法及相应的处理措施,实现了卫星钟差异常数据的定位和定值以及部分系统误差的分离。最后,采用武汉大学GNSS中心提供的采样间隔为5 min的北斗卫星精密钟差数据,将本文方法与常用方法进行了试验对比。试验结果表明,本文方法能够有效地识别并处理卫星钟差数据中的异常值,有效克服了基于经验阈值钟差异常数据探测方法的不足,且该方法对于量级较小的异常钟差数据也有很好的探测效果,一定程度丰富了现有的BDS钟差数据质量控制方法。     

房产产权产籍系统中数据缓存的应用

针对房产产权产籍系统中由于大数据量图形数据传输所造成的性能过低的问题,本文首先分析了系统业务特点以及数据特点。在此基础上,利用业务数据访问相对集中的业务特点以及系统数据相对稳定的数据特点,着重研究缓存的内容选择、内容预取、替换策略和一致性维护策略等关键技术,并形成了详细的解决方案。实验表明,适当使用数据缓存技术能有效提高系统的性能。     

The Darfur Dome,western Sudan: the product of a subcontinental mantle plume

Field investigations, K-Ar age determinations and chemical data were used to describe the development of an intraplate volcanic province, the Darfur Dome, Sudan. Magmatism started 36 Ma ago at a small subvolcanic complex (Jebel Kussa) in the center of the dome and was active in the same area between 26 and 23 Ma. Two major volcanic fields (Marra Mountains and Tagabo Hills) developed between 16 and 10 Ma. Volcanism started again at 6.8 Ma with a third volcanic field (Meidob Hills) and at 4.3 Ma in the Marra Mountains and with the reactivation of the center. Activity then continued until the late Quaternary. Having started in the center of the Darfur Dome, volcanism moved in 36 Ma 200 km towards the NNE and 100 km SSW No essential difference in the alkaline magma types (basanitic to phonolitic-trachytic, with different amounts of assimilation of crustal material) in the different fields, was observed. Magmatism is thought to have been produced by a rising mantle plume and volcanism was triggered by stress resolution along the Central African Fault Zone.     

基于无人机和MODIS数据的巴丹吉林沙漠植被分布特征与动态变化研究

荒漠植被在减缓沙漠扩张、阻挡风沙入侵绿洲、维护绿洲稳定性方面具有重要意义。通过无人机搭载多光谱相机获取地面样地高分辨率NDVI数据以计算植被覆盖度,结合MODIS-NDVI数据,分析了MODIS-NDVI与无人机获取NDVI数据之间的一致性,进而建立MODIS-NDVI数据与样方植被覆盖度的空间反演模型,以研究巴丹吉林沙漠植被分布特征、动态变化及其对气温、降水的响应规律。结果表明:(1)基于无人机多光谱数据大样方植被覆盖度和MODIS-NDVI数据构建的植被覆盖度反演模型具有较高的模拟精度。(2)研究区总体植被覆盖度较低,空间上呈由东南向西北递减的趋势。(3)植被覆盖度总体呈现上升趋势,沙漠边缘的增速较沙漠内部更为明显,其中沙漠边缘增长率达1.53%/10a,而沙漠内部为0.84%/10a。沙漠边缘57.12%植被出现改善,而沙漠内部植被改善的面积约为21.26%。(4)植被生长主要受制于生长季降水量并呈现出明显的季节变化,此外植被对降水和气温的响应存在一定的滞后效应。     

基于Rsync的中央气象台数据备份机制及优化设计

中央气象台实时业务中的数据支持是完成全国灾害性天气监视预报的核心支撑,每天使用的实时数据更新量大于500G,其中大量数据需要不间断使用,因此实时数据备份及在异常情况下的及时恢复对中央气象台的实时业务保障显得十分重要。中央气象台在业务中使用的操作系统种类较多,文件存取使用方式及各类数据权限各不相同,通过研发与实践提出基于Rsync同步数据传输机制的数据备份方案,并在实际使用中逐步优化,实现了对不同种类的数据及操作系统实行不同的备份策略,在实际业务中起到了较好的效果。     

The Application of ARGO Data to the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Operational System of NCC

1. Introduction It is well-known that the state of ocean plays very important role in the climate change. But there is a paucity of the ocean observation data. The data distri- bution in the space, time and different components is very inhomogeneous, even in some areas, there are no any observation data. Hence, it brings some diffcul- ties to the scientists to study many problems relevant to ocean. This situation has been being changed since ARGO (Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanogra-…     

一次春季罕见的降水天气过程分析

对吉林省2005年春季（4月19--22日）罕见的降水天气过程在大尺度环流形势、物理条件分析的基础上,重点对其逐时自动站风场资料进行分析,结果表明利用逐时自动站风场分析的中尺度切变对强降水落区、降水强度和强降水发生的时间都具有很好的指示意义;中尺度切变的形成也与地形条件有关。