煤层气含量快速测定方法

煤和煤层气地质勘探需要在取到钻孔煤心后的很短时间内获得气含量测值,而现行的煤层气含量测定方法难以满足此要求。基于自然解吸法原理和方法,以自然解吸法的测定结果为基准,在保证解吸量、气组成及其含量基本不变的前提下,通过连续观测、适当提高解吸温度等途径,合理、有效地加速解吸。以快速测定法与自然解吸法的对比试验结果为依据,建立了煤层气含量快速测定方法。此方法将煤层气含量测定周期缩短为几h~几d,可以满足煤和煤层气勘探的需求。      

简易远震警报器的制作与使用

本文介绍了一款位移触发远震警报器的制作方法与使用情况,由此提高了速报地震的报警率,有效减少了台站在地震速报中的晚报、漏报现象。     

太阳射电快速频漂和偏振逆转波的传播解释

本文研究了寻常波和非常波在线性传播条件下，对快速毫秒级spike的时延、频漂和偏振逆转的影响．计算表明，在（20－40）×Baumbach－Alien的电子密度分布下，由于传播产生的时延，偏振逆转等约为30－300ms，这与观测结果在量级上是一致的．这说明在快速活动中传播效应是一个重要的因素．     

智能全站仪快速测量处理系统

介绍了智能全站仪的组成、测量原理及其发展应用,并开发了基于智能全站仪的快速测量处理系统.通过与传统测量方法进行对比,实测表明该系统自动化程度高、实用性强、实时高效,是进行各种控制测量的理想系统.     

城市突发性地质灾害应急系统探讨

城市突发性地质灾害是当今减灾的重点，已引起了广泛的关注。人们意识到灾后及时地采取应急抢险救援措施，可以有效地减少人员伤亡。灾害应急行动包括建立应急指挥机构，明确职责，并进行资源调配。灾害应急抢险救灾时实性强，其快速反应行动涉及危机管理、预警、撤离、避险，以及维护法律与社会秩序、信息通报、灾情评估。应急救援行动还包括城市基础和生命线的恢复，以确保受灾居民和社区的基本需求。论文在分析城市突发性地质灾害应急管理进展和存在问题的基础上，探讨了当前城市地质灾害应急反应系统中的监测预警系统、快速反应系统、应急指挥系统、应急避难系统、信息发布系统、空间信息系统和宣传教育系统：通过实施这些应急系统并制定预案可以达到减轻城市突发性地质灾害的目的。     

2005年3月6日台湾宜兰海域6.1级地震速报总结及地震特征分析

对2005年3月6日台湾宜兰海域6.1级有感地震的速报情况进行总结,并对其地震特征进行了初步分析。     

Rapid natural acid weathering, physical erosion, and debris-flow hazards in scar areas developed on hydrothermally-altered rocks along the Red River Valley near Questa, New Mexico, USA

Prominent erosional scars on hillslopes along the Red River Valley have steep, denuded slopes and associated down-gradient debris fans. The scars developed naturally on stockwork-veined, quartz-sericite-pyrite （QSP）-altered volcanic rocks proximal to porphyry-Mo deposits, including those mined at the Molycorp＇s Questa mine. Downcutting of the Red River, following development of the Rio Grande rift to the west, initiated scar formation. Mineralized rocks in the scars were decomposed chemically （by pyrite oxidation and acid weathering） and physically （by freeze-thaw action and volume expansion from secondary gypsum formation） to produce a weathered veneer of sand- to pebble-size fragments of unweathered rock in a matrix of secondary gypsum, clays, and jarosite. Unoxidized QSP-altered bedrock crops out in steep scar gully bottoms, indicating that the weathered veneer is at most 3-30 m thick. Acidic （pH 2.6 to 4.4）, metal-rich waters develop in the weathered veneer and near-surface bedrock of the scars. Carbonates in the unweathered, QSP-altered bedrock are sufficient to neutralize acid in deeper ground waters, which have near-neutral pH （5.7 to 7.6） and lower metal contents. The scars grow along steep headwalls by slope failure of the weathered veneer.     

单频GPS短基线快速定位中的少数历元算法

研究了短基线时利用少数历元的单频GPS载波相位观测值进行快速定位的一种算法。基于TIK-HONOV正则化原理，选择了一种具有物理意义的正则化矩阵，以减弱法矩阵的病态性。新算法只需解算几个历元的单频GPS相位数据，就可得到比较准确的模糊度浮动解及其相应的均方误差矩阵，用均方误差矩阵代替协方差阵，结合LAMBDA方法，可准确、快速地确定模糊度，最后得到基线向量的解。结合短基线算例，将少数历元算法与最小二乘估计的结果作了比较分析，得出了新解法的有效性。     

Progress in rapid climate changes and their modeling study in millennial and centennial scales

Rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is one of the most important aspects in paleoclimate study. It has been found that rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is a global phenomenon during both the glacial age and the Holocene with amplitudes typical of geological or astronomical time-scales. Simulations of glacial and Holocene climate changes have demonstrated the response of the climate system to the changes of earth orbital parameter and the importance of variations in feedbacks of ocean, vegetation, icecap and greenhouse gases. Modeling experiments suggest that the Atlantic thermohaline circulation was sensitive to the freshwater input into the North Atlantic and was closely related to the rapid climate changes during the last glacial age and the Holocene. Adopting the Earth-system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs), CLIMBER-2, the response of East Asian climate change to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during the typical last glacial period (60 ka B.P.-20 ka B.P.) and impacts of ice on the Tibetan plateau on Holocene climate change were stimulated, studied and revealed. Further progress of paleoclimate modeling depends on developing finer-grid models and reconstructing more reliable boundary conditions. More attention should be paid on the study of mechanisms of abrupt climatic changes as well as regional climate changes in the background of global climate change. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1054–1065 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

FY-2C高时间分辨率扫描数据在强对流云团监测中的应用研究

利用我国首次获取的静止气象卫星平均10 分钟观测间隔的高时间分辨率数据对2011 年6 月28 日～29日发生的一次强对流云团特征进行分析。Hovm?ller 分析图清晰地展示出在高时间分辨率观测条件下云团中心冷核的演变特征。高时间分辨率卫星资料与地面降水量进行联合分析,可推知对流云团中冷核的演变与地面小时降水量大值的落区间有很好的一致性;10 分钟雨量资料联合前推1 小时内7 次平均10 分钟观测间隔的卫星红外1通道亮温,分析可知地面雨量较大时,云顶像元亮温具有持续降低或维持低温状态的特点。反映出在对流性强降水中,冷且具有一定稳定性的云顶是产生大降水的主要特征。研究结果显示,静止气象卫星的高时间分辨率观测可很好地捕捉到强对流云团发展的演变特征,利用FY-2C 静止气象卫星红外1 通道亮温、红外1 通道与水汽通道亮温差在高时间分辨率观测中的时差特征变量,可实现对强对流云团初生的有效监测,为强对流云团的预测预报提供支撑。