EFFECTS OF SST, VWS, AND DCC UPON RAPID INTENSIFICATION OF OFF-SHORE TYPHOONS IN CHINA SEAS

In this study, we employed National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data and records from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones to investigate three factors: sea-surface temperature(SST), vertical wind shear(VWS),and the density of the core convection(DCC), which are responsible for the rapid intensification(RI) of 1949-2013 offshore typhoons. Our analysis results of these composite factors show that in the environmental wind field the typhoons are far away from the outer strong VWS; in the SST field they are in the high SST area; and the core convective activity is robust and takes a bimodal pattern. The difference in RI between typhoons over the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) is a smaller VWS for the ECS typhoons, which may be one of the reasons why typhoons in the ECS are more intense than those in the SCS. Our study results indicate that SST, VWS, and DCC can result in an RI after a certain time interval of 36 h, 24 h to 30 h, and 24 h, respectively. The RI indicates a lag in the atmospheric response to oceanic conditions. This lag characteristic makes it possible to predict RI events. In summary, where the SST is high(≥28 ℃), the VWS is small, and the DCC is high, an RI will occur. Where mid-range SSTs occur(26 ℃≤SST≤28 ℃), with small VWS, and high DCC, the RI of typhoons is also likely to occur.     

基于快速星历的GAMIT高精度基线解算研究

针对IGS最终精密星历发布时延较长导致的GAMIT基线解算实时性问题,该文提出了使用快速星历IGR和超快速星历IGU进行GAMIT基线解算的方法,并通过一组基线长40km~309km不等的观测数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明对于中长基线,使用IGR或IGU星历进行GAMIT基线解算与使用IGS最终星历解算的坐标分量较差优于10-9数量级,可以满足在特定情况下要求较短时间区间(观测时间后12天内)内使用GAMIT进行高精度GPS基线解算的需求。     

陕西省应急快速制图地理信息系统研究

在各类应急事件中,快速的提供应急图件是应急测绘保障的内容之一。本文在得出目前技术条件和数据条件已经成熟的基础上,通过对应急快速制图流程的分析和整理,综合考虑用户对应急响应时间的需求,确立了不同时间要求的出图流程、系统体系结构、系统技术路线、系统功能设计。文章所研究的陕西省应急快速制图地理信息系统加快了应急响应的速度,提高了工作效率,满足了应急工作需要,具有很大的应用前景和推广价值。     

程序在提高地震速报速度中的作用

本文重点介绍由福建省数字遥测地震台网自编的地震速报操作平台软件中的七个子程序及其主程序对提高地震速报速度的作用 ,同时也详细阐述实现该软件的几项关键性技术。     

建立隧道掘进机产业促进我国地下空间开发

论述了国际地下工程建设动态，指出在地下工程建设中，优先采用全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）进行快速开挖已成料总的发展趋势；对我国开发隧道掘进机的历史和现状进行了综述，提出了存在的问题有利条件，对在我国建立隧道掘进机产业提出了意见和建议。     

中国速报震级与国际通用震级的初步对比分析

本文主要利用１９８６－１９８７两年速报震级资料，统计分析了中国地震速报台网确定震级的精度，全国各速报台相对中国地震速报台网测定震级的偏差。同时统计分析了中国地震速报台网相对中国地震台临时报告、美国地质调查所震中初定报告ＰＤＥ和国际地震中心ＩＳＣ报告震级的偏差，并对所得结果进行了初步分析。     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of earthquake-prone mega-city Shillong,India using geophysical mapping and remote sensing

ABSTRACT

The concept of seismic vulnerability is a yard-stick of damage estimation from a probable earthquake considering physical cum social dimension and enables a basis for decision-makers to develop preparedness and mitigation strategies. We aim at vulnerability assessment of the typical urban system of capital city Shillong situated on hilly terrain. High-resolution satellite imagery of Shillong facilitates analysis of building footprints, communication network, and open ground. Different building typologies are identified taking into account the building’s structural configuration assessed through a rapid visual survey of more than 15% of total residential households. Slope map demarcates the landslide-prone area through discrete elevation modelling. A methodology incorporating several parameters e.g. building typology, slope angle, shear wave velocity characteristics, geomorphology, and the number of occupants in correlation with a physical measurement of vulnerability is presented and is applied to estimate the dimension of vulnerability. Additionally, MASW survey indicates lithology up to 30?m deep along with the existence of stiff soil and rocks at different depths whereas resonant frequency is identified to be in the range of 6–8?Hz through H/V ratio. Integrating all, it is observed that more than 60% of Shillong city falls under moderate to higher vulnerability and the rest is less vulnerable.     

Analyse isotopique de l'air piégé dans la glace pour quantifier les variations de température

Isotopic measurements in polar ice core have shown a succession of rapid warming periods during the last glacial period over Greenland. However, this method underestimates the surface temperature variations. A new method based on gas thermal diffusion in the firn manages to quantify surface temperature variations through associated isotopic fractionations. We developed a method to extract air from the ice and to perform isotopic measurements to reduce analytical uncertainties to 0.006 and 0.020$\text{‰}$ for δ¹⁵N and δ⁴⁰Ar. It led to a 16±1.5 °C surface temperature variation during a rapid warming ($\text{?70}\text{000}$ yr). To cite this article: A. Landais et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

快速城市化背景下的城郊土地利用结构适宜性评价与协调发展——以武汉市汉南区为例

快速城市化背景下城区用地急剧向城郊扩张,城郊用地结构性冲突与矛盾突出。以武汉市汉南区为例,应用GIS R/S空间分析技术,定量分析了其土地利用结构现状特征:土地利用结构以农用地为主,突出农业大区地位,建设用地增长迅猛,集中分布于纱帽、邓南、湘口等中心城镇;结合SPSS因子分析,建立用地结构适宜性评价模型,开展城郊土地利用结构的适宜性评价:汉南区土地利用方式基本适宜,在中度适宜及其以上的比例达到60%,与自然生态、社会经济、城镇发展保持较好协调程度。但仍存在突出的用地结构性问题:农用地斑块比较零碎,规模化与集约化程度低,大规模围垦对湖泊、坑塘、河流、湿地产生较大胁迫;居住与工矿用地相对分散,侵占农田现象较严重,据此提出了汉南区土地利用调整方案和协调保护措施。     

GPS快速精密定位的随机模型研究

综合与归纳了GPS精密定位的三种比较实用的随机模型,提出了将这三种随机模型用于GPS快速精密定位中,通过两个实例分析了三种随机模型对GPS快速精密定位的精度影响,得出几点有益的结论。