THE FORMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAMS TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL-PHYSICAL CLIMATE MODEL

In the paper,we have developed a 2-D physical-dynamical coupled climate model.Some sensitive experiments have been done by use of this model.First of all,we have studied the effects of different results by two radiational calculation schemes on circulation variation.The calculated results have shown that the different radiation parameterization schemes give different results,therefore the variational effects of wind,temperature,and humidity field are presented on the medium-range circulation variation.Besides,we have also studied the role of the meridional eddy momentum fluxes in formation of the monsoon over East Asia.The results of study have shown that on the average,the roles of meridional eddy flux of momentum formative processes of monsoon which is added to momentum equations by using the scheme of moist process parameterization with plateau are manifest.     

A SIMPLE PROGNOSTIC CLOSURE ASSUMPTION TO DEEP CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION:Ⅱ

A series of 3D predictions,dealing with the development of a heavy storm observed during the OSCAR experiment,were carried out by utilizing the PERIDOT model,and introducing alternatively the cumulus parameterization scheme of Bougeault (1985) and the prognostic one (Chen,1989;Chen and Bougeault,1993),with three different grid sizes:160 km,80 km,40 km.The feasibility of the new prognostic scheme and its improvement on the problem of dependency of the predicted rainfall upon the grid size of the numerical model were verified by comparison of the rainfall observed and those predicted.The results demonstrate that,in general,the predicted rainfall increases when the grid size decreases for both diagnostic and prognostic schemes.However,with the new prognostic scheme,the numerical model is capable,on the one hand,for the larger grid sizes,to increase the rainfall,which is under-estimated with the scheme of Bougeault (1985);on the another hand,for the smaller grid sizes,to reduce the rainfall,which is usually over-estimated.In other word,there is an obvious improvement on the problem under study.     

西部山区总辐射气候学计算及分布

根据西部山区太阳总辐射的实测资料分析，指出，西部山区总辐射的气候学计算必须考虑日照，水汽分布及海拔高度的影响。为此研制了适宜于西部山区的总辐射气候学计算公式Ｑ＝Ｑ０（ａ＋ｂｓ１＋ｃｓ１＾２），进而讨论了西部山区总辐射的时，空分布。     

烟雾层的长波辐射效应以及对边界层温度层结的影响

本文利用一个简化的长波辐射方案，计算了兰州城市烟雾层大气的辐射效应．计算表明:烟雾层气溶胶增加了到达地面的大气逆辐射和气层的冷却率，平均污染状况时，增加量分别为15．2％和0．073℃／h．与烟雾层对太阳辐射吸收加热率相比，冷却率量值较小，但对全天边界层能量平衡所起作用不可忽略．对比分析了兰州和郊区夜晚的平均温度廓线演变情况，可以看出烟雾层长波辐射效应增加了低层大气中上部的冷却．     

广州地区太阳分光辐射的某些变化特征

利用广州地区1985—1990年的太阳分光辐射的连续观测资料（观测角度为23°11′），研究了广州地区紫外辐射、可见光辐射（光合有效辐射）、近红外辐射的某些特征。结果指出，每年7—10月份各分光辐射及总辐射总量较大。月总辐射中可见光辐射占总辐射的百分比年平均为47.3%，相应的紫外辐射和近红外辐射分别占7.1%和45.6%。文中还分析了晴天条件下分光辐射的变化和1990年紫外辐射变化的某些特征，并分析和讨论了分光辐射与云量、日照时间等因子的相关。     

与地震预报有关的电磁现象国际讨论会概况

与地震预报有关的电磁现象国际学术讨论会已于１９９３年９月６－８日在东京召开。这次学术讨论会的宗旨是，为世界各国学者提供一个公开讲坛以讨论与地震有关的电磁现象，并通过交叉学科与多科学相关领域相结合的方式探讨地震预报等问题。本文较详细地介绍了各国学者在这一领域中的最新成果。     

A CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY ON SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

I.observedResultsandtheEmpiricalEstimatedFormulasforDirect'UltraviolctRadiationl.observedresultsofdirectultravioletradiationDuetostrongabsorptionofo2,N2,O,N,andO3inthehighlayeroftheatmosphere,solarradiationatwavelengthlessthan29onmcannotarriveateartl1suthee.Betweenthewavelength29Onmand4Oonm,thedirectultravioletirradia11ceSuvcanbewrittenas:Where,S.xissolarsPectralirradiancearrivedattopofatmosphere,Tlxisoptlcalthicknessofatmosphericmolecularabovesea1evel,Whicl1isaknownfunctiollofwavelengt…     

Some measurements of the extinction coefficients of solar radiation in Lagos

Solar radiance measurements covering over seventeen months are analysed for a location beside the Lagos Lagoon. The aerosol extinction coefficient was generally higher in the dusty months than in the wet months. Clean air estimates of the coefficient are made. Data on its wavelength dependence are also presented.     

Approximation of the infra-red radiation flux in an atmosphere with cloud

Summary A three-stream infra-red radiation scheme for use particularly in boundary layer models is described. Local uniformity of the atmosphere (i.e. a generalization of the cooling to space approximation in clear air) is assumed, and the radiation equation is solved by simple collocation rather than by the full discrete ordinate method. In clear air the scheme corresponds to the usual approximation, which incorporates the Elsasser factor in the transmission function to account for diffuse radiation. The band models of Goody for water vapour and Elsasser for carbon dioxide are used for the band averaging of the transmission functions. Consistent with this, the band averaging of the radiation flux in cloud is undertaken by replacing the rapidly varying absorption coefficients for the gases by the actual band-averaged values of those coefficients. The band averaging is precise in the limits of strong and weak gaseous absorption.