Transition region and coronal plasmas: instrumentation and spectral analysis

The plasma conditions in the solar atmosphere and, in particular, in coronal holes are summarized, before space-borne instrumentation for observing these regions in vacuum-ultraviolet light is briefly introduced with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) as example. Spectroscopic measurements of small plasma jets are then analyzed in detail. Magnetic reconnection is thought to be responsible for heating the corona of the Sun as well as accelerating the solar wind by converting magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic energies. The continuous outflow of the fast solar wind from coronal holes on ‘open’ field lines, which reach out into interplanetary space, then requires many reconnection events of very small scale sizes – most of them probably below the resolution capabilities of present-day instruments. Our observations of such an event have been obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) providing both high-resolution imaging and spectral information for structural and dynamical studies. We find whirling or rotating motions as well as jets with acceleration along their propagation paths in close spatial and temporal vicinity to the coronal jet. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effects of radiative transfer on the reionization of an inhomogeneous universe

Assuming simple dynamics for the growth of density fluctuations, we implement six-dimensional (6D) radiative transfer calculations to elucidate the effects of photon propagation during the reionization of an inhomogeneous universe. The ionizing sources are postulated to be AGN-like in this paper. The present simulations reveal that radiative transfer effects are still prominent considerably after the percolation epoch, in which patchy ionized regions connect with each other. In other words, owing to the collective opacity, the Universe does not become perfectly transparent against ionizing radiation even though strongly self-shielded regions disappear. It turns out that the inhomogeneity of the medium enhances the opacity effects and delays the end of reionization. Owing to such radiative transfer effects, the reionization in an inhomogeneous universe proceeds fairly slowly, in contrast to the prompt reionization in a homogeneous universe, and as a result the surface of reionization is not so sharply edged, but highly uneven. As a signature of the uneven surface of reionization, the cosmic IR background (CIB) radiation, which is produced by Ly photons resulting from radiative recombination, could exhibit strong anisotropies, reflecting the amplitude of density fluctuations at the reionization era. The predicted CIB intensity lies on a level of possible detection by forthcoming IR space telescope facilities.     

活动星系核连续谱辐射

连续谱辐射是研究活动星系核结构主要手段之一，谱型，光变，偏振是表征连续谱性质的最主要内容，活动星系是的最主要特征是几乎覆盖了整个电磁波波段，且有着大幅度和快速时标的光变，主要评述了活动星系核从射电到γ射线的全波段性质，观测对活动星系结构核的物理限制及现存的物理模型和解释，并指出了将来的课题。     

河外星系ⅢZw35的OH megamaser辐射谱的研究

我们用ⅢＺｗ３５的流量密度函数，来拟合观测得到的ＯＨｍｅｇａｍａｓｅｒ辐射谱。ＯＨｍｅｇａｍａｓｅｒ斑点处在窄线区薄盘上，作旋转运动和径向膨胀运动。窄线区薄盘是侧向的。从理论上我们得到ＯＨｍｅｇａｍａｓｅｒ辐射流量密度．发现与其辐射谱中主峰和伴峰相对应的ＯＨｍｅｇａｍａｓｅｒ斑点处在窄线区薄盘的不同位置。     

Diffusive propagation of fast particles in the presence of a moving shock wave

Based on an analytical model, we determined the temporal dynamics of the spectral shape and spatial distribution of the particles that were impulsively (in time) injected with a specified spectrum in the vicinity of a moving plane shock front. We obtained a condition to determine the influence of the shock front on the particle propagation, where the spatial diffusion coefficient of the particles plays a major role. Diffusive shock acceleration is shown to strongly affect low-energy particles (the intensity maximum coincides spatially with the shock front; hard and soft spectral regions are formed in the spectrum) and weakly affect high-energy particles (the time at which the intensity reaches its maximum is well ahead of the shock arrival time; the spectral shape does not change). In events accompanied by a significant increase in the turbulence level, the influence of the shock front on high-energy particles can change from weak to strong. This change shows up in the spatial distribution and spectral shape of the particles. The dynamics of the particle intensity, calculated with the diffusion coefficients that were determined in accordance with the quasi-linear theory for measured turbulence levels, qualitatively corresponds to the observed solar energetic-particle intensity.     

紫金山天文台4.5-7.5 GHz太阳快速频谱仪图像

运用多种方法，对紫金山天文台4．5—7．5GHz太阳快速频谱仪获得的太阳微波爆发频谱图像进行后续处理，尽可能地去除噪声和干扰，还原爆发事件的本来面目，并突出感兴趣的部分，在MATLAB的平台支持下编写了WINDOWS下的应用软件，取得了较为满意的结果．