Spatial patterns in thunderstorm rainfall events and their coupling with watershed hydrological response

Weather radar systems provide detailed information on spatial rainfall patterns known to play a significant role in runoff generation processes. In the current study, we present an innovative approach to exploit spatial rainfall information of air mass thunderstorms and link it with a watershed hydrological model. Observed radar data are decomposed into sets of rain cells conceptualized as circular Gaussian elements and the associated rain cell parameters, namely, location, maximal intensity and decay factor, are input into a hydrological model. Rain cells were retrieved from radar data for several thunderstorms over southern Arizona. Spatial characteristics of the resulting rain fields were evaluated using data from a dense rain gauge network. For an extreme case study in a semi-arid watershed, rain cells were derived and fed as input into a hydrological model to compute runoff response. A major factor in this event was found to be a single intense rain cell (out of the five cells decomposed from the storm). The path of this cell near watershed tributaries and toward the outlet enhanced generation of high flow. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to cell characteristics indicated that peak discharge could be a factor of two higher if the cell was initiated just a few kilometers aside.     

Seasonal changes in ground‐penetrating radar signature observed at a polythermal glacier,Bylot Island,Canada

In recent years, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been increasingly used for characterization of subglacial and englacial environments at polythermal glaciers. The geophysical method is able to exploit the dielectric difference between water, air, sediment and ice, allowing delineation of subsurface hydrological, thermal and structural conditions. More recent GPR research has endeavoured to examine temporal change in glaciers, in particular the distribution of the cold ice zone at polythermal glaciers. However, the exact nature of temporal change that can be identified using GPR has not been fully examined. This research presents the results of three GPR surveys conducted over the course of a summer ablation season at a polythermal glacier in the Canadian Arctic. A total of approximately 30 km of GPR profiles were collected in 2002 repeatedly covering the lower 2 km of Stagnation Glacier, Bylot Island (72°58′ N 78°22′ W). Comparison between profiles indicated changes in the radar signature, including increased noise, appearance and disappearance of englacial reflections, and signal attenuation in the latter survey. Further, an area of chaotic returns in up‐glacier locations, which was interpreted to be a wet temperate ice zone, showed marked recession over the course of the ablation season. Combining all the temporal changes that were detected by GPR, results indicate that a polythermal glacier may exhibit strongly seasonal changes in hydrological and thermal characteristics throughout the ice body, including the drainage of 17 000 m³ of temporarily stored intra‐glacial meltwater. It is also proposed that the liquid water content in the temperate ice zone of polythermal glaciers can be described as a fraction of a specific retention capacity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Logging Data High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy

INTRODUCTIONOutcrop,core ,and logging data sequence stra-tigraphy began in the early 1980s . The developmentis founded on the use of petrogeological informationto verify seismic sequence stratigraphy (Van Wagon-er et al .,1990 ,1988 ; Posamentier and Vail ,1988 ;Vail , 1987) . Research has continued to progress ,and outcrop, core , and logging data have advancedresearch methods in sequence stratigraphy . Thisstudy presents“logging data high-resolution sequencestratigraphy”, whichis ba…     

VAD技术三种仰角策略反演风场的比较和应用

对不同天气情况的资料分别采用单仰角VAD方法和多仰角VAD方法进行风场反演，比较了这两种算法的反演结果，提出了融合两种方法优点的自适应仰角取样方法，并进行反演比较，结果表明：单仰角和多仰角策略各有所长，采用自适应仰角取样策略结合两种方法优点，在某些场合下可以获得更有参考价值的VAD反演结果。     

双线偏振多普勒天气雷达识别冰雹区方法研究

利用美国KOUN雷达的一次强对流天气过程的观测资料，讨论分析了利用双线偏振雷达观测资料识别冰雹区的方法，在此基础上建立了利用模糊逻辑法识别冰雹的识别模式，并对其得到的结果进行分析和讨论，为国内未来的双线偏振雷达业务运行提供参考和帮助。分析结果表明；基于模糊逻辑法利用双线偏振雷达观测资料建立的识别模式，不仅可以反映出实际的冰雹区位置，而且还可以对其分类。其识别的结果比较符合实际的天气过程。     

肇庆市一次超级单体的多普勒雷达资料分析

利用广州S波段多普勒雷达资料,对2004年7月1日夜间发生在广东省肇庆市的一次强对流天气过程进行分析,发现引起这次强对流的风暴具有超级单体风暴的特征。这个超级单体南边出现两条明显的出流边界,分别位于钩状回波的西南和东南。相应的中低层径向速度图呈现一个弱中尺度气旋,旋转速度达12m·s-1。该超级单体的移动方向在盛行风向的右侧约30°,属于右移风暴。     

05.7.23河北暴雨中尺度分析

利用常规观测资料和卫星、自动站、加密雨量站、多普勒雷达等资料，对2005年7月22—24日河北中南部大暴雨过程进行天气动力学和中尺度分析，结果表明：这次暴雨是在有利的大尺度环流下产生的；副热带高压及热带系统造成的低层水汽堆积及高层的强辐散为强对流发生提供了热力和动力条件；整个过程中主要有三个强对流云团活动，地面对应有3个中-β尺度雨团产生，雨团一般出现在中尺度辐合线或中尺度气旋性环流偏向暖湿气流一侧；强雷达回波和正负速度对、逆风区等特征对强降水具有指示意义。     

探地雷达探测地下管线技术与应用实例

根据探地雷达的探测原理及技术参数影响因素，提出了工作频率的选择方法。以广州和商丘两地的两个探测实例，介绍了如何根据管径、埋深确定天线频率、天线距、采样点距、时窗等探地雷达技术参数；并选择已知埋深的管线，对波速进行实地测定，以便在探地雷达剖面上对目标体的埋深作出精确解释。     

强降水雷达回波参数特征

利用７１３型测雷达资料,对江西强降水回波参数特征进行统计,分析结果表明：强降水与回波顶高、回波强度、水平尺度及地形等有关,为强降水天气预测提供了依据．