县域城镇化水平综合测评及其动力构成分析——以河北省为例

构建县域城镇化综合测评指标体系,包含经济城镇化、就业城镇化、市场城镇化、人口和基础设施城镇化.运用熵值法测算了河北省县域城镇化水平,发现2001-2012年县域城镇化水平处在上升状态,主要表现为人口城镇化、基础设施和农村非农就业的改变,但城镇化发展并未提供较多的城镇就业岗位和促进工业企业营利能力的提升.从多年平均看,人口和基础设施子系统对县域城镇化水平贡献份额最大,市场子系统贡献份额最小,各子系统有不同的时段特征.采用多元回归模型分析了影响县域城镇化水平的动力因素,显示推动力呈现多元化特点,各种动力共同助推县域城镇化水平的提高,但动力大小有差异,依次表现为政府动力、市场动力、社会动力.     

Aesthetic evaluation of yardang landforms landscape: the Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park example

Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park,situated in the Gansu Province of northwestern China(40o25'36 "N–40o33'10" N,93o00'00 "E–93o13'30" E),was chosen as a research locality of aesthetics evaluation of yardang landforms landscape.The yardang landforms landscape is a composite structural system of patch-corridor-matrix,with four landscape unit elements as dense group,sparse group,single body and remnant.The study of the landscape aesthetics spatial pattern of Dunhuang Yardang National Geo-park shows that yardang dense group,sparse group and single body provide the greatest contribution to the aesthetic value of yardang landforms landscape.Yardang bodies are scarce,unique,irreplaceable,and priceless resources in yardang landforms areas.However,they are easily destroyed under the influence of the natural and artificial factors.Therefore,when the tourism potential of yardang landforms landscape is exploited,the protection should be fully improved.     

Accuracy evaluation of two precipitation datasets over upper reach of Heihe River Basin, northwestern China

As an important forcing data for hydrologic models, precipitation has significant effects on model simulation. The China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (ITP) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (G...     

安徽省含山县土地整理耕地质量评价及其变化研究

土地整理是改善土地利用条件,提高土地质量的有效措施,对土地整理后的耕地质量进行评价是土地整理重要工作之一。从耕地质量的内涵和土地整理项目的基本要求出发,选取耕地自然条件和耕地利用条件2个基本因素和12个影响因子,将特尔斐法与层次分析法相结合,确定各因子权重,构建基于土地整理的耕地质量评价指标体系。以安徽省含山县铜闸镇土地整理项目为例,采用传统的土壤调查与3S技术相结合的方法,分析土地整理复垦过程中耕地质量时空格局变化,得出整理前、后耕地质量的级别变化。研究结果表明,通过土地整理,研究区的耕地质量空间分布和级别发生了很大变化,整理后一级、二级、三级质量的土地比整理前分别增加了7.20%,11.95%和0.65%,四级、五级则分别减少了15.65%和4.16%,整理后的耕地质量总体水平是整理前的1.291倍。     

Protected geographical indications: Institutional roles in food systems governance and rural development

This paper examines the importance of national-level institutional arrangements for promoting the EU’s Protected Geographic Indication scheme (PGI). Taking the example of Ireland, for which PGI designations remain comparatively low, it explores whether the approach to providing institutional supports to the PGI scheme is influenced by top-down technocratic governance structures that pertain to food safety and quality certification that encompass the broader operating environment for food production in Ireland. Although the regulation of food safety and quality certification are distinct remits to the administration of the PGI scheme, in the Irish context the same institutional bodies are involved in governance of both. Using a discourse analysis interpretative framework, this paper draws on interviews with Irish producer group members and institutional representatives to examine how governance of the PGI scheme reflects management perspectives and practices more in keeping with a regulatory environment for food safety and quality than with development of place-based food product links. It suggests that incentives to avail of the PGI scheme as a means of realising value-added for producers are not well established because they require the development of more subjective, context-dependent processes and practices linked to geographical place and place identity. These are not easily accommodated under current institutional arrangements that also incorporate food safety and quality remits because these are in turn strongly established through nationally and internationally recognised systems of regulation and benchmarking. The findings point to the benefits to be gained from a more layered governance structure for PGI; devolving operation of the scheme to relevant regional and local development organisations that possess the expertise and relevant local knowledge to (a) incentivise the formation of producer groups, and (b) prioritise mentoring and support for PGI concept development as a clearer reflection of bottom-up rural sustainability policy.     

寡照对温室黄瓜花果期生长及产量品质影响研究

为了探讨寡照对日光温室黄瓜花果期生长发育、产量和品质的影响,以黄瓜品种“德瑞特L108”(Cucumis sativusL. cv.Derit L108)为试材,通过不同遮阴日数（1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d）及恢复控制试验,研究寡照对日光温室黄瓜生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明：1）持续寡照日数超过5 d,黄瓜株高和茎粗生长受到显著影响,尤其是茎粗存在变细现象,7 d以上对植株生长影响不可逆。2）黄瓜果实横径、长度生长速率和果重受寡照影响程度存在一定差异,果实上下两端横径长势对寡照较为敏感,连续寡照3 d时影响即达显著水平,可导致上端横径生长速率降低0.87 mm·d-1,下端为0.73～0.99 mm·d-1;果实中部横径和长度增长速率在寡照5 d以上时影响达显著水平,生长速率降低0.88 mm·d-1和0.87～1.00 cm·d-1;与对照（以CK表示）相比,寡照3 d的单果重降低18.7 g,寡照日数每延长1 d,单果重降低2～3 g。3）果实的外观等级受寡照影响较大,1～5 d寡照,特级果比例降低9.4%～43.0%;持续寡照5 d以上二级果和坏果比例明显升高,连续寡照9 d,二级果和坏果比例达到20%和25%;寡照3 d以上,果实含水率与CK差异即达到显著性差异;维生素含量对寡照影响反映敏感,1～5 d寡照,果实维生素含量降低6%左右,7 d以上的寡照日数,则降低10%～13%;寡照持续日数超过5 d,花青素和有机酸含量影响较大;持续寡照日低于7 d时,可溶性糖含量对寡照影响敏感度相对较低,超过7 d其含量达到显著性差异,且寡照日每延长1 d,其含量降低4%。     

PLAM指数跟踪方法对中国沙尘天气过程及其波动变化特征的研究

采用1980-2011年气象台站地面气象要素观测资料、高空探空资料,时间和空间加密气象观测站资料,以及中国气象档案馆原始天气图表等资料,基于沙尘气溶胶浓度（PM₁₀）潜势源地贡献函数PSCF（Potential source contribution function）的沙尘系统追踪方法,发展空气质量气象条件PLAM（……）指数对沙尘天气过程的路径跟踪,给出1980-2011年东北亚沙尘天气过程特征分布;采用Spline趋势分析,讨论沙尘天气系统强度的年变化特征。结果表明：基于气溶胶浓度PSCF函数和气象条件PLAM指数追踪得出,中国和东亚地区沙尘天气过程年际强度变化并非单调减弱,具有历史持续性与转折突变性并存的波状变化趋势,出现准10 a的高低频活动特征。     

Operational Evaluation of the Quantitative Precipitation Estimation by a CINRAD-SA Dual Polarization Radar System

In this paper, the quantitative precipitation estimation based on hydrometeor classification (HCA-QPE) algorithm was proposed for the first operational S band dual-polarization radar promoted by the CINRAD/SA radar of China. The HCA-QPE algorithm, the localized Colorado State University-Hydrometeor Identification of Rainfall (CSU-HIDRO) and Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) algorithms, and the dynamic Z-R relationships based on variational correction QPE (DRVC-QPE) algorithm were evaluated with the rainfall events from March 1 to October 30, 2017 in the Guangdong Province. The results indicated that even though the HCA-QPE algorithm did not use the observed rainfall data for correction, its estimation accuracy was better than that of the DRVC-QPE algorithm when the rainfall rate was greater than 5mm h^(-1); and the stronger the rainfall intensity, the greater the QPE improvement. And the HCA-QPE algorithm worked better than the localized CSU-HIDRO and JPOLE algorithms. This study preliminarily verified the improved accuracy of QPE by a dual-polarization radar system modified from CINRAD-SA radar.     

A Spatial Consistency Quality Control Method for Daily Surface Temperature Observations

A new spatial consistency quality control method (SRF) based on the spatial regression test (SRT) and random forest (RF) was adapted to identify potential outliers in daily surface temperature observations in this article. For the new method, the SRT method was used to filter the data and the RF method was used to conduct regression. To evaluate the performance of the quality control method, the SRF, SRT and RF methods were applied to a surface temperature dataset with seeded errors from different regions of China from 2005 to 2014. Compared to SRT and RF, the results indicate that the SRF method outperforms the other two methods for the most cases. And the results of the comparison led to the recommendation that the SRF method improves the regression accuracy of traditional spatial consistency quality control methods and reduces the runtime of random forest through data refinement.     

基于SAL方法对一次区域性大暴雨过程多模式预报空间检验及误差分析

采用SAL定量降水预报检验方法,对2017年梅雨期一次区域性极端降水过程EC-THIN、RIOF、NCEP、CMA的高分辨率数值预报产品,从结构、强度和位置3个方面进行检验对比,同时对72 h内各模式降水预报稳定性开展检验分析。在此基础上,剖析了降水预报误差成因。分析发现：（1）在降水分布上,RIOF、EC-THIN和CMA预报的雨带走向与实况基本一致,NCEP预报主雨带范围偏大,暴雨区偏东;（2）雨区结构上RIOF和EC-THIN把握较好,NCEP和CMA在降水强度方面预报较好,位置预报上各家误差均较小,其中CMA误差最小;（3）EC-THIN和NCEP在结构、强度和位置预报上均有较好的稳定性。CMA在降水强度方面预报稳定较好,位置预报上调整较大。RIOF在降水结构预报上稳定性较好,落区预报上变化幅度较大;（4）降水预报误差根本原因是由系统预报误差而形成,系统强度、位置、移动直接影响着降水偏差。垂直物理量的预报偏差对降水时段、加强、强度也具有一定影响。