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71.
72.
等角投影比其它性质投影之研究更为深刻,应用也最为广泛。本文对等角投影的历史发展作了简单回顾,重点对等角投影的数学基础、等角投影的一般公式、等角投影变形量度[8]、具有极值特性的等角投影和探求等角投影的方法等进行了综述。最后提出需要继续研究的若干问题作为等角投影研究展望。 相似文献
73.
在具有代表性的正旋回砂砾岩储层中,8种不同岩性的典型样品,在5种含油(气)水饱和状态下测试了纵、横波速度(Vp和Vs)与有效覆盖压力(△P)变化关系曲线。结果表明:(1)Vp和Vs与△P呈指数递增,Vp和Vs随△P变化在低压范围比高压范围更敏感,而Vp比Vs的灵敏度高。(2)同一状态下,同一非均质单层内的岩性变化范围控制了不同的Vp-△P,Vs-△P曲线族的宽度。岩性由细到粗,Vp-△P曲线由低向高变化,含钙、含砾粗砂岩的Vp-△P曲线处于曲线族的上界,砾状砂岩的Vp-△P曲线低于含砾粗砂岩的Vp-△P曲线。Vs-△P曲线也有上述规律。(3)同一样品,研究5种不同饱和度状态下的Vp-△P和Vs-△P曲线,发现无论压力条件如何,波速与饱和度均呈线性关系。(4)在同一的非均质单层内,Vp-△P,Vs-△P变化曲线随着含油、气、水饱和状态的不同具有明显的分带性。气饱和Vp-△P曲线族在形态及幅度变化上明显区别于油、水饱和状态,束缚水、残余油状态的Vp-△P曲线族,Vs-△P曲线也有上述规律。气饱和状态的Vp和Vs随△P变化的敏感度高于油、水饱和状态,气饱和状态的Vp随△P变化的敏感度高于Vs。 相似文献
74.
在对CCDOS汉字操作系统和BASIC语言特点的认真分析和处理后,得到了一个良好的通用菜单驱动程序,它完全可在不加改动或很少改动的情况下应用以汉字CCDOS为操作系统的各种菜单驱动程序中。 相似文献
75.
Stem wood of the Angiosperm Calluna vulgaris (Scotch heather), isolated at different depths from a selection of raised bog peat deposits, was chemically characterized using in-source pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and Curie-point pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Light microscopy was performed to relate mass spectrometric characteristics with anatomical features. Peatified wood samples, isolated from increasing depth show a gradual decrease in carbohydrate content. This decrease in anatomically reflected in a selective removal of secondary cell wall material from the fibre-tracheids and wood parenchyma. During prolonged peatification a selective removal of hemicellulose sugars is observed, while a part of the cellulose fraction is preserved. This highly resistant cellulose is mainly located in the secondary cell walls of the vessels. The lignin macromolecule is preserved, but a gradual decrease in syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) is observed during peatification. Because no increase in catechol and phenolic compounds is observed, we conclude that S/G shifts are due to removal the of syringyl-rich secondary cell wall material and the retention of guaiacyl-rich compound middle lamella. Small chemical changes in the lignin macromolecule involve shifts in oxygen substitutions on the aliphatic side chains of the methoxyphenolics and the occurrence of aromatic acids. 相似文献
76.
The natural thermal evolution of type III coals (Humic origin) is expressed during diagenesis by a loss of oxygen as CO2 and H2O. Other phenomena such as oxidation can cause extensive geochemical modifications and may complicate the effects of simple maturation.Humic coals from the Jurassic in southeastern Utah were studied by elemental analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy. In a van Krevelen diagram (atomic H/C vs atomic O/C), the samples fall within the envelope defined by 860 reference humic coals covering the entire range of diagenesis. Nevertheless, various criteria (geochemical, petrographic, geological and microscopic) cast doubt upon the interpretation that such a distribution of coal composition results from thermal maturation.The same criteria indicate the intervention of redox phenomena. Comparison of our results with those from artificial and natural oxidation shows that these coals were subjected to an oxidation process different from ordinary late alteration. This process was probably due to circulation of highly oxidizing saline water causing oxygen fixation and the transformation of carboxyls into carboxylate anions. The cations that were fixed are oxygenated and certainly contain calcium, but also uranium and perhaps several other cations (V, Mo, Fe...). Emphasis is placed on possible mechanisms that cause such phenomena. 相似文献
77.
Immature Torbanite and the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant B. braunii were previously compared using bulk spectroscopic methods. In the present work, analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolysis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships. It appears that such polymers are based upon unbranched, saturated, cross-linked hydrocarbon chains up to C31. In addition to these bridging structures, a substantial part of the alkyl chains is singly bound, as esters of unbranched, saturated or cis unsaturated, even fatty acids. These esters are sterically protected, against chemical degradations, by the network of the bioand geopolymer.Quantitative and qualitative observations derived from 400°C pyrolysis confirm that the chemical structure of PRB A and immature Torbanite are closely related. The pyrolysis residues show a similar evolution and numerous common features are noted, with respect to the nature and the distribution of the major constituents of the pyrolysates (hydrocarbons and fatty acids). Accordingly, Botryococcus provides what seems to be the first example of a close structural relationship between a biopolymer produced in large amounts by an extant alga and the geopolymer of an immature kerogen. The essential role of PRB A in Torbanite formation is ascertained. Moreover, it is found that the resistant biopolymer does not undergo important structural changes during the first stages of diagenesis. Thus, owing to steric protection, the esters of immature Torbanite show a distribution quite close to the one of PRB A esters, with exclusively even constituents and a large contribution of unsaturated acids.Recent observations pointed to the possible genesis of some algal kerogens principally by selective preservation of resistant macromolecules. Such a type of formation is clearly predominant in Torbanite, where the bulk of the fossil organic matter corresponds to a selectively preserved and weakly altered, resistant biopolymer, while incorporation of lipids into the kerogen structure during diagenesis seems to play a minor role. 相似文献
78.
Ger Van Graas 《Organic Geochemistry》1986,10(4-6)
Biomarker distributions in a suite of asphaltenes and kerogens have been analysed by flash pyrolysis directly coupled to a GCMS system. Attention has been focussed on biomarkers of the sterane and triterpane types. The sample suite under investigation consists of sediments with different kerogen types and some crude oils. Biomarker distributions in the pyrolysates have been compared with the “free” biomarkers in the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions.The analyses show significant differences between the distributions of the free biomarkers and those in the pyrolysates. The latter have lower amounts of steranes while diasteranes are absent or present at low concentrations only. In the triterpane traces a shift of maximum intensity from C30 (free compounds) to C27/C29 is observed. Furthermore, the pyrolysates contain a set of triterpenes (not present among the free compounds), and there is a selective loss of “non-regular” triterpanes that are present in the saturated hydrocarbon fractions. The observed differences between pyrolysates and free hydrocarbons can be explained partly by the processes occurring during pyrolysis such as bond rupture and subsequent stabilisation of primary pyrolysis products. To a certain extent these differences also show that maturation processes occurring in sediments have effects on free biomarker molecules different from those on molecules that are enclosed in a macromolecular matrix (kerogen or asphaltenes).Differences between biomarker distributions of asphaltene and kerogen pyrolysates are relatively small. A comparison with the pyrolysates from extracted whole sediments suggests that these differences are mainly caused by interactions between the organic material and the mineral matrix during pyrolysis.Oil asphaltenes behave differently from sediment asphaltenes as their pyrolysates are more similar to the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon fractions, i.e. the differences described above are observed to a much smaller extent. This different behaviour appears to be the result of coprecipitation of a part of the maltene fraction with the oil asphaltenes. 相似文献
79.
强震前地震多重分形谱的异常及其物理解释:以乌什研究区为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用有关软件分析新疆乌针研究区地震活动时间分布的多重分形谱Dq-q和f(a)-a。发现两次6级强震发生前,多重分形谱发生显著变化。主要特征是对一定的q区间奇异性强度因子a取值变宽,Dq-q曲线变陡,f(a)-a的左端点或右端点下降。 相似文献
80.
对1880 ̄1993年新疆及邻区7级以上强震活动特征进行了分析讨论,认为研究时段内7级以上强震活动有明显的活跃与平静交替现象。研究时段内的强震活动经历了5个轮回,每个轮回包括一个平静幕和一个活动幕,每个活动幕都有相对的主体活动区,主体活动区和7级以上单个强震都具有沿西昆仑-南天山-北天山-阿尔泰地震带往返迁移的特征。各地震带6级以上地震活动也具有明显的由西南向北东整体迁移的特征,并且这种时、空、强 相似文献