哈萨克斯坦扎尔干特-阿拉善30号井前兆异常特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦扎尔干特阿拉善30号井的水文地球化学环境,对其15年来的交换资料进行了初步的统计与分析。结果表明,在震中距为300 km、400 km范围内,5级、6级地震的异常项目比例分别可达55.6%、61.1%,而7级大震(或6级震群)远兆的异常比例仅为16.7%。且在异常时间、异常形态上,5级、6级和7级地震(或6级震群)各有其特点和差异。     

四川地区水化学短期异常指标与地震预测方法

应用四川地区水化学自建台以来的观测资料,研究四川及邻区所有6级以上地震和部分5级以上地震前四川水化学各台项的中期异常特征、中期异常向短期异常过渡特征以及短期异常特征,提出水化学短期异常指标判据和预报规则,并对提出的短期预测指标用R值进行预测效能检验。     

唐山7.8级地震前后地下流体动态异常演化特征

以30口水动态及油井动态观测井1973年至1978年的观测资料为基础，对唐山7．8级地震前后水动态和油井动态异常的演化过程进行了分析研究，认为该次地震前后水动态演化过程可分为4个阶段。异常首先在震中区附近出现，然后异常区向外围区扩展，并呈现多点集中的特点。在中短期阶段异常明显向震中区收缩、迁移。在临震阶段在震中区附近形成高异常集中区。     

1997年玛尼7.5级地震前后区域地震活动特征及远场前兆

分析研究了1997年11月8日玛尼7．5级地震前区域地震活动特征及远场前兆，结果表明：该次地震前，地震中南侧形成了一个Ms≥5地震空间；整个藏北地震带ML≥4.0地震活动减弱；在震中东侧940km处的青海德令哈地应力和距震中600km处的格尔木水温出现了短临异常，还对该地震发生的背景和震后调整等问题作了初步探讨。     

柯坪块体的地震活动特征

分析了柯坪块体1969年以来强震活动特征，发现该块体内6级地震的发生显示出明显的轮回特征，且发震周期与新疆地区强震活跃期吻合；西克尔和乌什2个地震活跃区的地震活动对块体内的6级地震活动有一定的预报意义；一次6级地震发生后该块体内所发生的4．5级以上地震对于预测未来6级地震的发生地点有一定的意义。     

1998年陕西泾阳M_S4.8地震前高陵测点10m地温异常特征

研究分析了 1 998年 1月 5日陕西泾阳MS4.8地震前高陵测点 1 0m地温的变化特征 .1 997年高陵地温呈下降变化 ,1 2月 1 5日地温突升 .该次地震前 1 5天地温升高现象非常明显 ,震后恢复正常 .西安市高压开关厂测点 1 0m地温也从 1 997年 1 2月中旬开始出现上升异常 ,1 998年 1月 1日地温上升速率突然加大 .可以认为 ,高陵测点观测到的 1 0m地温异常是可信的 .     

Using Rock‐Eval 6 pyrolysis for tracking fossil organic carbon in modern environments: implications for the roles of erosion and weathering

This work relates to the debate on the fossil organic carbon (FOC) input in modern environments and its possible implication for the carbon cycle, and suggests the use of Rock‐Eval 6 pyrolysis as a relevant tool for tracking FOC in such environments. Considering that such a delivery is mainly due to supergene processes affecting the continental surface, we studied organic matter in different reservoirs such as bedrocks, alterites, soils and rivers in two experimental catchments at Draix (Alpes de Haute Provence, France). Samples were subjected to geochemical (Rock‐Eval 6 pyrolysis) investigations and artificial bacterial degradations. After comparing the geochemical fingerprint of samples, geochemical markers of FOC were defined and tracked in the different reservoirs. Our results confirm the contribution of FOC in modern soils and rivers and display the various influences of weathering and erosional processes on the fate of FOC during its exchange between these pools. In addition, the contrasting behaviour of these markers upon the supergene processes has also highlighted the refractory or labile characters of the fossil organic matter (FOM). Bedrock to river fluxes, controlled by gully erosion, are characterized by a qualitative and quantitative preservation of FOM. Bedrock to alterite fluxes, governed by chemical weathering, are characterized by FOC mineralization without qualitative changes in deeper alterites. Alterite to soils fluxes, controlled by (bio)chemical weathering, are characterized by strong FOC mineralization and qualitative changes of FOM. Thus weathering and erosional processes induce different FOM evolution and affect the fate of FOC towards the global carbon cycle. In this study, gully erosion would involve maintenance of an ancient sink for the global carbon cycle, while (bio)chemical processes provide a source of CO₂. Finally, this study suggests that Rock‐Eval 6 pyrolysis can be considered as a relevant tool for tracking FOC in modern environments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Long‐term Holocene groundwater fluctuations in a chalk catchment: evidence from Rock‐Eval pyrolysis of riparian peats

The depositional history of peat‐dominated wetlands can be used to understand palaeoclimate and palaeohydrology and also constrain the impacts of future climate change. However, in chalkland valleys, seasonal water table fluctuations and a high alkalinity have diminished key environment indicators such as pollen, and there is a need for alternative investigative techniques. The method of Rock‐Eval pyrolysis can track changes in organic matter source and degradation, potentially relating to historic changes in vegetation cover. This is the first Rock‐Eval on cores from a groundwater‐dependent riparian chalk valley wetland combined with radiocarbon dating. The dating showed that the cores represented approximately 4000 years of depositional history. Changes in hydrocarbon chemistry including normal alkane composition of the peat indicated shifts of around 500 to 1000 years between terrestrial and more aquatic species, relating to periods of climate wetness. These climatic shifts are broadly consistent with other evidence from ombrotrophic peatland and lacustrine sediments across northwest Europe. However, the connection between climate wetness and groundwater dependent chalkland wetlands is complicated by external anthropogenically driven factors relating to land use and vegetation cover changes in the catchment. Nonetheless, this study suggests that Rock‐Eval pyrolysis is a useful and cost‐effective tool that can provide evidence for long‐term Holocene groundwater fluctuations. Copyright © 2016 British Geological Survey.     

磁赤道地区2007—2013年COSMIC掩星反演和国际参考电离层模型输出结果分析

利用2007—2013年电离层测高仪位于磁赤道观测站Jicamarca (11.95°S,76.8°W,地磁纬度为1°N)的垂测数据和COSMIC掩星反演电离层资料,分析了不同太阳活动条件下两种探测技术获取电离层特征参数峰值密度NmF2和峰值高度HmF2的相关性,同时也探讨了国际参考电离层模型IRI输出参数与测高仪垂测数据的相关性.此外,进一步分析了COSMIC掩星和IRI模型在不同地方时高估或低估垂测参数的分布特征.结果表明:(1)由COSMIC掩星反演和IRI模型输出参数NmF2与测高仪垂测值NmF2得到的相关系数都在0.8以上.太阳活动低年COSMIC探测得到的NmF2相关性高于太阳活动高年得到的结果,但IRI模型在太阳高年得到的NmF2相关性好于太阳活动低年的计算结果.(2) 由COSMIC掩星反演和IRI模型输出的HmF2与测高仪垂测值HmF2在春秋季得到的相关性较高,夏季的相关性最弱.由COSMIC掩星探测HmF2得到的季节和时间相关系数大都集中在0.8和0.6以上,但由IRI模型得到的HmF2相关性降低,特别是太阳活动低年的夏季和傍晚其相关系数低于0.3.(3)太阳低年COSMIC掩星和IRI模型白天时段大都高估、夜间至凌晨前后低估电离层参数NmF2和HmF2;但太阳活动高年NmF2在地方时午夜后则呈现高估的特点.相关结果为未来IRI模型的进一步完善以及低纬地区电离层同化模式研究提供参考.     

伊宁县北山坡风成黄土工程地质特性的初步研究

通过对伊宁县北山坡风成黄土的分布、颗粒组成、含水量变化特征、渗透性、湿陷性等因素,综合分析了工程地质特性,为工农业生产与工程建设场地选择和地基处理方面提供了指导性意见.