蔚县矿区奥陶系下统灰岩岩溶发育规律及煤层开采对策研究

在充分收集蔚县矿区勘探资料、生产矿井资料的基础上,进行了归纳整理与分析研究,总结出矿区奥陶系下统灰岩岩溶发育规律(岩溶发育程度在平面上划分为三个区,垂向上大致可分为三个带)及岩溶水的赋存条件,并提出了受奥陶系下统岩溶水威胁的1、5号煤层的以防为主,带压开采、不直接疏排岩溶水的技术和方法和开采对策。     

云南红土型矿床含矿红土剖面对比研究

凡在风化壳红土形成过程中形成,并保留至今的具有工业价值的各类矿床,均可称其为“红土型矿床”。铁、钛、金、锡、钴等云南红土型矿床,易采治(湿法),其基岩岩性与矿化虽差异甚大,但其最终形成的含矿红土,化学性质却较为接近。     

长波辐射时空序列剖面中震兆特征的研究

做出了３２°～４０°Ｎ,８９°～１０５°Ｅ范围内各经纬度结点１９８９年７月～１９９６年１２月长波辐射（ＯＬＲ）月距平值曲线．将各结点的曲线图按经纬度排列起来,构成ＯＬＲ时空序列剖面图．根据对这些剖面图的分析,研究了强震前ＯＬＲ的变化特征．结果表明,强震前１～４个月震中附近结点ＯＬＲ曲线变化出现异常,表现为反向变化或振荡型．有的地震前异常的空间展布呈条带状．     

Effect of artificial maturation on carbazole distributions, as revealed by the hydrous pyrolysis of an organic-sulphur-rich source rock (Ghareb Formation, Jordan)

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were performed on the Ghareb Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Jordan), a carbonate- and organic-rich (TOC 19.6%) source rock, using a temperature range of 200 to 360°C (72 h). The original sediment contains only low amounts of carbazoles, (maximum 2.2 μg/g bitumen for 1-methylcarbazole). With increasing thermal maturation, intense generation begins at temperatures only in excess of 300°C, reaching a maximum at 360°C. Likewise, during natural maturation, generation occurs at later stages of maturity (e.g. for Tithonian source rocks at >0.81% R_r and for Posidonia Shale at >0.88% R_r). Some isomeric changes during hydrous pyrolysis do not resemble those in nature whereas others do. The relative abundances of selected C₁- and C₂-alkylcarbazoles on ternary diagrams reveal differences, whereas the benzo[a]carbazole/benzo[a]carbazole+benzo[c]carbazole ratio is closely similar. The latter result supports the contention that maturation plays a key role in controlling carbazole distributions in source rocks. However, the results for alkylcarbazoles, especially the C₂-carbazoles, are not easy to interpret.     

Release of sulfur- and oxygen-bound components from a sulfur-rich kerogen during simulated maturation by hydrous pyrolysis

An immature sulfur-rich marl from the Gessosso-solfifera Formation of the Vena del Gesso Basin (Messinian, Italy) has been subjected to hydrous pyrolysis (160 to 330°C) to simulate maturation under natural conditions. The kerogen of the unheated and heated samples was isolated and the hydrocarbons released by selective chemical degradation (Li/EtNH₂ and HI/LiAlH₄) were analysed to allow a study of the fate of sulfur- and oxygen-bound species with increasing temperature. The residues from the chemical treatments were also subjected to pyrolysis–GC to follow structural changes in the kerogens. In general, with increasing hydrous pyrolysis temperature, the amounts of sulfide- and ether-bound components in the kerogen decreased significantly. At the temperature at which the generation of expelled oil began (260°C), almost all of the bound components initially present in the unheated sample were released from the kerogen. Comparison with an earlier study of the extractable organic matter using a similar approach and the same samples provides molecular evidence that, with increasing maturation, solvent-soluble macromolecular material was initially released from the kerogen, notably as a result of thermal cleavage of weak carbon–heteroatom bonds (sulfide, ester, ether) even at temperatures as low as 220°C. This solvent-soluble macromolecular material then underwent thermal cleavage to generate hydrocarbons at higher temperatures. This early generation of bitumen may explain the presence of unusually high amounts of extractable organic matter of macromolecular nature in very immature S-rich sediments.     

Origin of low-molecular-weight alkylthiophenes in pyrolysates of sulphur-rich kerogens as revealed by micro-scale sealed vessel pyrolysis

Micro-scale sealed vessel (MSSV) pyrolysis experiments have been conducted at temperatures of 150, 200, 250, 300, 330 and 350°C for various times on a thermally immature Type II-S kerogen from the Maastrichtian Jurf ed Darawish Oil Shale (Jordan) in order to study the origin of low-molecular-weight (LMW) alkylthiophenes. These experiments indicated that the LMW alkylthiophenes usually encountered in the flash pyrolysates of sulphur-rich kerogens are also produced at much lower pyrolysis temperatures (i.e. as low as 150°C) as the major (apart from hydrogen sulfide) sulphur-containing pyrolysis products. MSSV pyrolysis of a long-chain alkylthiophene and an alkylbenzene indicated that at 300°C for 72 h no β-cleavage leading to generation of LMW alkylated thiophenes and benzene occurs. In combination with the substantial production of LMW alkylthiophenes with a linear carbon skeleton at these conditions, this indicated that these thiophenes are predominantly formed by thermal degradation of multiple (poly)sulfide-bound linear C₅–C₇ skeletons, which probably mainly originate from sulphurisation of carbohydrates during early diagenesis. LMW alkylthiophenes with linear carbon skeletons seem to be unstable at MSSV pyrolysis temperatures of ≥330°C either due to thermal degradation or to methyl transfer reactions. LMW alkylthiophenes with a branched carbon skeleton most likely derive from both multiple (poly)sulfide-bound branched C₅–C₇ skeletons and alkylthiophene units present in the kerogen.     

高温超高压模拟实验研究Ⅰ.温压条件对有机质成熟作用的影响

对不成熟泥炭样品进行了高压（0.1～2GPa）、高温（200℃～400℃）模拟实验,并对实验后样品的成熟度指标--镜质体反射率（Ro）进行了测定。结果显示,同一压力条件下,温度与镜质体反射率呈正相关;相同温度条件下,样品Ro值与压力呈负相关,说明压力同温度一样,是影响有机质成熟作用的一个重要因素,其存在会抑制有机质向高成熟演化。压力的这种作用有其内在的化学动力学机理。实验结果及实际地质现象都说明,压力作用在有机质演化过程中不可忽视。用模拟实验手段探讨压力的作用和影响,具有重要的理论及实际意义。     

内蒙古大地构造分区及其特征

依据内蒙古全区的地层资料,采用板块构造观点,依据建造类型、生物群特征、构造环境对内蒙古大地构造进行了分区。共划分了华北板块、西伯利亚板块、塔里木板块三个一级构造单元。华北地块、华北北部大陆边缘、华北西部大陆边缘、塔里木北东大陆边缘和西伯利亚东南大陆边缘五个二级构造单元。并进一步划分了火山型和非火山型被动陆缘等十个三级构造单元。对各单元特征进行了较为系统的介绍和论述,特别是融入了大量新的１／５万区调成果资料,在诸多方面有了新的认识。     

论东川脉状富铜矿的历史和现实意义

东川脉状富铜矿在历史上对矿山、对国家曾作出过重大贡献。汤丹厚大的层状铜矿也是５０年代在广泛调查汤丹脉状矿的基础上发现的，从而肯定整个东川矿区层状矿的巨大工业价值。对脉状铜矿的成因，长期以来受着“脉状铜矿由层状铜矿就地取材”转化形成的思想束缚，因而对其评价－研究成果甚少。从脉矿现有的历史资料出发，结合当今的研究成果，认为东川矿区广泛分布含铜大于５％的富脉矿，脉矿与层状矿在伴生元素、稀土配分、硫同位素组成，爆裂测温等方面，二者均有明显的区别。脉铜矿是以深源为主形成的。建议对历史上曾开采，但至今未作详细地质工作的茂麓铜厂尽快予以评价。     

台湾海峡7.3级地震前兆分析

根据现有资料，对台湾海峡７．３级地震前后所观测到的地震前兆异常变化进行了分析，认为这次地震前观测的属远源异常，其与粤闽两省及邻区所发生的几次中强震前的异常无明显的特征差异。