裂变径迹定年法中国际标样的年龄测定

第６届国际裂变径迹测定地质年代学术讨论会上推荐标准化刻度裂变径迹定年法，并推荐了几种定年标样。本文通过标准铀玻璃刻度系数定出值，利用外探测器法测定了国际标样中的３种桔石和两种磷灰石的年龄（ＦＣＴ２７．７±０．８Ｍａ，ＢＭ１６．１±０．５Ｍａ，ＴＲ６０．０±３．ＯＭａ，Ｄｕｒａｎｇｏ３０．８±１．９Ｍａ），在误差范围内与参考年龄一致。     

较小尺度涡旋与台风的相互作用及其对台风路径的影响

用一个准地转正压模式实施５组积分时间为５天的试验，研究台风环流与较小尺度涡旋之间的相互作用。结果指出，涡旋相互作用可以改变台风环流的非对称结构，进而引起台风移动偏离正常路径。     

关于大型超大型矿床的概念问题

关于大型超大型矿床的概念，当前还存在着不同的理解和认识，为例于国际对比和协同攻关，作者对有关问题提出：简化分级，统一名称和推行国际国内双轨制，根据成矿的普遍性和特殊性与具体地质条件相结合的原则，建议因地制宜处理好个体与群体，“有兄弟”与“独生子”、单一类型与复杂类型，贫矿与富矿，以有点，线，面的分布形式等问题。     

2019年影响中国台风的降水预报误差及其来源研究

针对2019年影响中国的8个台风,利用面向降水对象的CRA(contiguous rain area)方法研究了欧洲中期天气预报中心确定性预报的降水误差来源,及其在不同预报时段和降水量级下的变化趋势,分析了台风路径预报误差与降水对象的CRA位置误差之间的相关性,对比计算了台风路径修正与CRA shifting方法对于改进降水预报的作用,并评估了台风降水概率分布、径向分布和非对称分布的预报误差。结果表明:总体而言,台风降水预报的主要误差来自于位置误差和形态误差;除特大量级降水以外,台风降水对象的CRA位置误差与路径误差显著相关,通过修正台风路径能改进降水预报,但其效果要逊于CRA shifting方法;预报的台风降水概率密度分布形态与观测总体上较为一致,但台风核心区内的预报降水强度均大于观测;台风登陆或靠近我国沿海前后,预报降水较观测更靠近台风中心,且略滞后于观测,预报降水的非对称性明显弱于观测。     

The effect of the large-scale mantle flow field on the Iceland hotspot track

Fluid dynamical simulations were carried out in order to investigate the effect of the large-scale mantle flow field and the depth of the plume source on the structure of the Iceland plume through time. The time-dependent location and shape of the plume in the Earth's mantle was calculated in a global model and it was refined in the upper mantle using a 3D Cartesian model box. Global flow was computed based on density heterogeneities derived from seismic tomography. Plate motion history served as a velocity boundary condition in both models. Hotspot tracks of the plume conduits and the plume head were calculated and compared to actual bathymetry of the North Atlantic. If a plume source in the lowermost mantle is assumed, the calculated surface position of the plume conduit has a southward component of motion due to southward flow in the lower mantle. Depending on tomography model, assumed plume age and buoyancy the southward component is more or less dominating. Plume models having a source at the 660 km discontinuity are only influenced by flow in the upper mantle and transition zone and hence rather yield westward hotspot motion. Many whole-mantle plume models result in a V-shaped track, which does not match the straight Greenland–Iceland–Faroe ridge. Models without strong southward motion, such as for a plume source at 660 km depth, match actual bathymetry better. Plume tracks were calculated from both plume conduits and plume heads. A plume head of 120 K anomalous temperature gives the best match between plume head track and bathymetry.     

Modelling the formation of fission tracks in apatite minerals using molecular dynamics simulations

We introduce a simple method to simulate the “ion explosion spike” mechanism of fission track formation within the framework of classical molecular dynamics. The method is applied to six apatite compositions and the resulting tracks are compared with each other as well as with the damage produced by another mechanism—the “Displacement spike”. In contrast to experimentally observed tracks, the radii of simulated tracks are not dependent on their direction in the crystal. Since the simulations model accurately the elastic response of apatites, this suggests that the experimentally observed difference in track radii for tracks along different crystal directions is not entirely caused by anisotropy in the elasticity of apatite. We suggest that anisotropy in the interactions between the electric fields of fission fragments and the crystal ions is a major factor in the final radii of fission tracks. In fluorapatite, the simulations also reveal the formation of small clusters of fluorite-like material in the core of the fission track, a phenomenon which has yet to be confirmed experimentally.

青海省风火山地区砂岩铜矿成矿时代的裂变径迹热年代学证据

风火山盆地古近纪和新近纪沉积包括下部连续沉积的早始新世—早渐新世风火山群和早渐新世雅西措群,以及不整合其上的早中新世五道梁群。风火山地区的砂岩铜矿全部产于风火山群1岩组的灰(绿)色砂岩层中。采自风火山群1岩组含矿层和非含矿层中的3个磷灰石样品,分别获得了(22.5±2.3)Ma、(33.1±6.0)Ma和(28.0±3.6)Ma的裂变径迹年龄数据。其中33.1～28.0 Ma代表了该地区砂岩铜矿的成矿年龄.22.5 Ma则代表了成矿后构造热事件的年龄。风火山砂岩铜矿的成矿年龄处在其上覆的雅西措群沉积年龄范围内.显示砂岩铜矿是盆地早期沉积物压实脱水流体的产物。     

Paleo-temperature Evolution and Water Soluble Gas in Sinian Reservoir,Anpingdian-Gaoshiti Structural Zone,Central Sichuan Basin

The paleo-temperature evolution of Sinian reservoir of Anping (安平) 1 well was rebuilt by taking the method of apatite fission track and Easy%Ro model.The result of apatite fission track determines the accurate burial history and overcomes the flaw that the vitrinite reflectance is taken as paleo-temperature indicator simply.The authors used the laser Raman technique to analyze the methane present in the calcite and quartz fluid inclusions of Sinian reservoir,finding that the methane is water soluble gas.The authors also simulated the paleo-pressure of fluid inclusion by using PVTsim software and finally worked out the methane solubility in water.     

Impact of Interannual Variation of Synoptic Disturbances on the Tracks and Landfalls of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

This study investigates the tropical cyclone (TC) activity associated with the two leading modes of interannual variability in synoptic disturbances. Both leading modes are found to be related to a dipole pattern of TC occurrence between the subtropical western North Pacific and the South China Sea. Therefore, in this study we performed composite analyses on TC tracks and landfalls, based on the cases of combined modes, to highlight the differences. The composite results indicate that these cases are characterized by distinct features of TC tracks and landfalls: more TCs tend to take recurving tracks and attack eastern China, Korea and Japan, or more TCs exhibit straight-moving tracks and hit the Philippines, Vietnam and southern China. Further analyses suggest that these distinctions in the TC prevailing tracks and landfalls can be attributed to the differences in large-scale steering flow and TC genesis location.