车辆-轨道系统振动响应分析--Timoshenko梁与Euler梁轨道模型的比较

近年来，铁路的高速化、高运量化以及轻微的地震灾害等因素加速了轨道结构的沉降或变形，导致车辆轨道系统振动的加剧。本文运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，编制了基于Timoehenko梁钢轨模型的车辆-轨道耦合振动仿真分析软件，分析了车辆-轨道系统的垂向振动特性，并与基于Euler梁模型的VICT软件的仿真结果进行了比较分析。结果表明：仿真结果与VICT的仿真结果基本一致，但在较高频域，前者能更好地反映轮轨系统的高频特性。因而，在研究轮轨高频振动及轮轨噪声时。采用Timoshenko梁钢轨模型更具合理性。     

TYPHOON TRACK PREDICTION EXPERIMENTS USING T106L19

1 INTRODUCTION The tropical cyclone is one of destructive weather systems that affect China most seriously. The destruction includes strong winds, heavy rain and storm surges. The key to mitigate them is whether we could predict the track accurately and on a timely basis. A number of coastal countries have adopted numerical forecast operation models that have long valid duration. For instance, in the limited-area spectral models and global spectral models currently running in the Meteo…     

塔里木盆地热演化分析中热史波动模型的初探

用沉积盆地波动分析的观点,结合塔里木盆地的实际资料,初步建立一种新的热历史恢复模型--热史波动模型.利用该模型并结合镜质体反射率古温标模拟计算了塔中10井的热历史,同时用磷灰石裂变径迹数据对模拟结果进行了检验.此结果可以较客观地描述盆地热历史的复杂变化,特别为无古温标区或未钻达层位热演化研究提供了可能.     

Thermobarometric data from a fossil zircon partial annealing zone in high pressure–low temperature rocks of eastern and central Crete, Greece

A fossil partial annealing zone of fission tracks in zircon is described from high pressure–low temperature (HP–LT) rocks of the Phyllite–Quartzite Unit (PQ) on the island of Crete, Greece. Correlation of regional trends in fission track age populations with independent thermobarometric and microstructural data, and with new experimental annealing results, allows a calibration of this low temperature thermochronological method to a degree hitherto not available from other field examples.The zircon fission track (FT) ages of samples from the PQ across Crete range from original detrital signature through reduced to completely reset. The annealing is the result of a single heating period related to the HP–LT metamorphism with near-peak temperatures lasting for only a few million years some time between 24±1 and 20±1 Ma. In eastern Crete, where rocks have experienced temperatures of 300±50 °C and pressures of 0.8±0.3 GPa, zircon FT ages range from 414±24 to 145±10 Ma. Ages above 300 Ma occur mostly near the east coast of the island in rocks which have not been heated to above ca. 280 °C and probably represent a pre-Variscan source. Track lengths are already indicative of a substantial annealing at this temperature. Most of the zircon FT ages from eastern Crete scatter within error around the stratigraphic age. Samples with apparent zircon FT ages significantly younger than the depositional age are only observed in areas where temperatures exceeded ca. 320 °C. Towards the west, a sudden decrease to very young ages ranging from 17±2 to 18±1 Ma reflects a complete resetting at ca. 350 °C. Short tracks, however, are still observed. Throughout the central and western part of the island, ages are consistently below 22 Ma. Thermobarometric data for this area indicate maximum temperatures of 400±50 °C and pressures of 1±0.3 GPa. Only samples from western Crete, which have been exposed to 400±50 °C, show exclusively long tracks. Consequently, the high temperature limit of the zircon partial annealing zone (ZPAZ) appears to be between 350 and 400 °C.A significant influence of elevated confining pressure on the stability of fission tracks in zircon is ruled out by the results of annealing experiments at 0.5 GPa and at different temperatures, which fit the curves previously obtained by other authors at ambient pressure.     

Early Tertiary paleo-thermal effects in Northern England: reconciling results from apatite fission track analysis with geological evidence

The Paleozoic Lake District Block in northwest England has traditionally been thought of as tectonically stable since the Late Paleozoic, receiving only small thicknesses of Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic cover (although some workers have put forward different views). Apatite fission track analysis (AFTA) data from outcrop samples across the region reveal Early Tertiary paleotemperatures around 100 °C, requiring kilometre-scale Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic cover, removed during Tertiary uplift and erosion. With no evidence for elevated basal heat flow in NW England during the Early Tertiary, and no a priori justification for invoking it, earlier studies favoured an explanation involving burial by up to 3 km of overburden removed during Tertiary uplift and erosion. This conclusion was met with scepticism by many workers, and provoked a range of comments and criticisms, with a variety of alternative interpretations put forward, although these are also open to criticism. Results from the West Newton-1 hydrocarbon exploration well on the northern flank of the Lake District gave the first indication of a possibly more realistic interpretation, involving a combination of elevated heat flow and more restricted burial, but some aspects of the interpretation of these data were equivocal. More detailed sampling was therefore undertaken, in order to shed more light on the origin of the elevated Early Tertiary paleotemperatures observed across NW England. New AFTA data in outcrop samples from different elevations around Sca Fell (characterised by the highest elevations in the Lake District with the summit of Scafell Pike at 978 m asl) define an Early Tertiary paleogeothermal gradient of 61 °C/km, and require around 700 m of section removed from the summit during Tertiary uplift and erosion. These results, together with those from the West Newton-1 well, provide strong support for an interpretation involving Early Tertiary paleogeothermal gradients between 50% and 100% higher than present-day values, providing clear evidence of elevated basal heat flow during the Early Tertiary, contrary to earlier assumptions. Combined with amounts of section removed during Tertiary exhumation varying between 0.7 km (from mountain peaks) and 1.5–2 km (from coastal plains and glacial valleys near sea level) over the region, this interpretation finally provides a geologically plausible mechanism for the origin of the observed Early Tertiary paleo-thermal effects in NW England.     

Evaluating thermal history models for the Otway Basin, southeastern Australia, using (U-Th)/He and fission-track data from borehole apatites

New apatite helium and fission-track data from the Otway Basin are consistent with previously published borehole ages, confirming earlier suggestions that existing thermal models for basin evolution should be reevaluated. Analysis of the relationship between helium ages and grain size in newly analyzed samples, as well as in samples previously reported, reveals that grain size variations may contribute to the previously reported scatter in helium ages among aliquots of the same sample. In addition, systematic variations in apatite grain size with borehole depth or temperature may also have a significant effect on the interpretation of borehole helium age data. Incorporation of the observed grain size variations in Otway borehole apatites into forward models based on published thermal histories, principally based on vitrinite reflectance and fission-track data, suggests that existing models for the eastern Otway Basin are broadly consistent with the helium data. In contrast, thermal histories for western basin boreholes, now thought to be at maximum temperatures, predict helium ages that are generally older than the observed ages, implying that basin temperatures were hotter than indicated by the models. This discrepancy is consistent with a Cenozoic heating event in parts of the western Otway Basin similar to that documented for the eastern basin. The relatively wide spread of apparent apatite fission-track (AFT) ages and compositions compared to the restricted age range of helium measurements on coexisting grains, although not conclusive, supports previous suggestions that composition does not appear to affect the sensitivity of the He closure temperature in apatite.     

快速西行进入南海台风的统计特征

通过对快速西行进入南海的 1 3个台风快速西行期间西风带环流系统、副热带高压活动和台风环境流场的特征以及这些台风进一步的移向、移速进行统计分析 ,结果表明 ,台风快速西行进南海期间西风带的特点是中纬从中亚到东亚有高压脊或以纬向环流为主 ,西风槽偏北 ;西北太平洋副热带高压一直强大且呈带状分布或不断加强与西伸 ,造成副热带高压南侧与台风之间梯度加大 ,使偏东引导气流加强。研究还发现 ,如果台风南北两侧均为偏东环境流场 ,将使台风西行更快。     

导向钻进非开挖技术在地下管线铺设中的应用

结合邯郸市集中供热管道工程实例,说明导向钻进非开挖在铺设地下管线施工中的成功应用,对导向钻进非开挖技术、导向孔轨迹设计、施工质量控制及施工效果等作了介绍与总结,为同类工程实践提供参考。     

六盘山盆地热历史的裂变径迹证据

研究盆地的热历史将为确定生烃过程和探勘目标提供重要制约因素。磷灰石裂变径迹研究表明，六盘山盆地白垩系地层经历两次埋深加热事件。第一次在白垩经末之前达到最高古地温，第二次在晚新生代约8MaB.P.之前达到最高古地温.第一次最高古地温要高于第二次最高古地温.晚新生代六盘山盆地古地温梯度为16℃/km.从白垩纪到新生代,六盘山盆地可能发生古地温梯度降低事件.三叠纪、中侏罗统烃源岩达到或超过生油高峰温度.白垩纪乃家河组和马东山组虽然进入生油窗温度范围,但未达到生油峰温度.按照古地温资料推断,三叠纪、中侏罗统烃源岩应为六盘山盆地主要生烃源岩,晚白垩纪之前应为六盘山盆地烃源岩的主要生烃阶段.     

Exhumation and relief history of the Southern Carpathians (Romania) as evaluated from apatite fission track chronology in crystalline basement and intramontane sedimentary rocks

The combination of apatite fission track (FT) thermochronology from basement units and the FT age distributions of apatites in the Miocene intramontane sedimentary rocks allows describing the exhumation history of the central segment of the Southern Carpathians, Romania. Exhumation and cooling from the total track annealing temperature (>120°C) of the Cozia and Cibin massifs occurred in the Palaeocene–Early Eocene. Between the Eocene and Middle Miocene, there was a stagnation period concerning vertical displacement; the presently exposed part of the basement was buried in shallow depth. The present crests of the Cozia and Cibin Mountains were at temperatures around 80°C and 50°C, respectively. The second exhumation period occurred in Middle Miocene times. The magnitude of the Miocene vertical displacement is on the order of the present-day relief. The vertical apatite FT age distribution in the basement and the age clusters in the sedimentary rocks prove that the levels of the crests were already close to the surface in Palaeogene times. Therefore, the post-Palaeocene erosional removal from the crest zones is very limited.