声波探测技术在海底输油管道检测中的应用

介绍了多波束测深系统、侧扫声纳和浅地层剖面等声波探测技术的基本原理及在海底管道检测中常用设备与参数选择。结合工程实例给出了各种检测方法在海底输油管道检测中应用效果。介绍了海底管道检测流程,分析了各种检测方法的优缺点和不足之处。结果表明,海底管道检测时应充分利用各种方法的互补性,提高检测效率和准确性。     

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Performance Evaluation of a Self-Developed Ozonesonde and Its Application in an Intensive Observational Campaign

To make a detailed test on the reliability and detection performance of the electrochemical concentra- tion cell （ECC） type ozonesonde which had been devel- oped and preliminarily evaluated by the authors, an inten- sive ozonesonde release experiment was held at two sites in Beijing and Changchun in June 2013. The results showed that the mean background current and its standard deviation were 0.03 （0.04） pA and 0.02 （0.03） pA in Bei- jing （Changchun）. The average response time and its standard deviation were 27.8 s （30.4 s） and 4.0 s （3.7 s） in Beijing （Changchun）. The ozone partial pressure profiles at both sites showed a central peak in the stratosphere and a side peak in the boundary layer. Large variation in ozone partial pressure was observed at the middle levels of the atmosphere （10-17 kin）. A more marked gradient of ozone change was observed in Beijing （3.4 mPa km-1） at the lower atmosphere level, as compared to that in Changchun （0.4 mPa km-l）. The results presented in this paper indicate that this self-developed ozonesonde shows a high level of reliability and good performance. The ozonsonde is expected to play an important role in opera- tional observations of ozone profiles.     

彰武工区快速钻井工艺技术

针对彰武工区部分断陷地层含砾,易斜、易塌、易漏,研磨性强等特点,通过建立地层可钻性及三压力剖面,推广试验高效钻头、单弯螺杆加PDC钻头复合钻具、新型堵漏材料及堵漏措施等,为快速钻井奠定了基础,并形成了彰武工区快速钻井工艺技术系列。     

Analysis of high-resolution spectra of mildly metal-poor stars I. Spectral data and equivalent widths

A number of high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of mildly metal-poor stars were obtained with the coudé echelle spectrograph attached to the 2.16m telescope at Xinglong Observation Base of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The spectra of seven mildly metal-poor stars were processed with the MIDAS software package, and the equivalent widths of their spectral lines were measured. The measured equivalent widths together with an error analysis are presented.     

Generating non-stationary random fields of auto-correlated,normally distributed CPT profile by matrix decomposition method

This paper emphasises the true realisation of Cone Penetration Test (CPT) profiles considering non-stationary nature of the data. Formulation of stationary random field theory has been modified and adapted to non-stationary state in order to take into account the mean and variance variability for soil properties. Multi-variance correlation matrix along with the Cholesky decomposition technique was employed to produce realisations of non-homogenous and non-stationary random fields of CPT profiles. A piecewise and segmental data realisation according to the lithology and site class specifications acquired directly from CPT data is adopted in this study so as to render an accurate data simulation. For validation of proposed method 8 CPT test profiles collected from Urmia Lake site have been introduced and simulated by the stationary and non-stationary algorithms. The mean correlation coefficient between the actual CPT data profiles and related realisations along with some other important statistical parameters and their coefficients of variation strongly demonstrate that non-stationary random field generation technique gives quite better accuracy, by comparison to the conventional stationary random field generation scheme.     

改进角度纹理特征提取高分辨率遥感影像带状道路

针对目前高分辨率遥感影像的道路自动提取算法研究中的不足,该文提出了一种基于并行角度纹理特征的半自动道路提取算法:用户输入完成道路中心线上的起始点、道路方向、道路宽度等初始化工作,利用并行角度纹理特征获取道路前进方向,用抛物线参数方程构建道路轨迹模型来预测道路轨迹点,使用角度纹理特征值构建的紧质度系数和抛物线的曲率变化来约束道路轨迹点,验证失败则转入手工跟踪;往复执行以提取道路中心线。试验证明,本算法是一种稳健的道路半自动提取算法。     

基于三维激光扫描数据的地铁隧道断面测量

地铁主体施工完毕后为了对线路进行调线调坡,需要对地铁隧道进行断面测量,三维激光扫描与常规测量方法相比具有非接触式测量,可高密度采集空间三维点云数据等特点,为地铁断面测量提供了新的途径。本文基于Leica Scanstation 2扫描仪分析了三维激光扫描点云数据采集步骤和数据处理流程,阐述了基于点云数据的地铁断面测量方法,分析了三维激光扫描技术在隧道断面测量中应用的可行性。研究结果表明,这种高密度、高精度的隧道断面能够满足地铁调线调坡等方面的技术要求。     

确定风廓线雷达功率谱噪声功率方法

风廓线雷达以测风为主要目的设计,没有充分考虑强度的定量测量。如果能够实现强度定量测量将大大扩展风廓线雷达的应用范围。首要的扩展应用就是可以获取雨滴谱分布、解决降水定量测量准确性问题。若实现强度定量测量,需要解决的一个关键技术问题是如何由其功率谱数据准确计算噪声功率。该文根据风廓线雷达功率谱估计方法、依据噪声频域统计特性,提出了一种计算风廓线雷达功率谱噪声功率的方法,并利用风廓线雷达实测功率谱数据进行检验。检验结果表明:即便在有降水或存在地物时,该方法仍可以准确、快速分辨出噪声功率谱, 且客观有效。     

基于MonoRTM模型的微波辐射计反演方法研究

基于辐射传输模型MonoRTM计算天空亮温度,使用多元线性统计回归方法和BP神经网络方法分别对大气温度和水汽密度廓线进行了反演,检验并分析了两种方法的反演精度.结果表明,多元线性回归方法反演的温度偏差总体不大于6K,反演的水汽密度偏差小于4 g/m3;神经网络方法反演的温度偏差小于2K,反演的水汽密度误差总体不大于2 g/m3.与探空数据的对比表明,对于大气温度和水汽密度反演,BP神经网络方法的反演结果都要比多元线性回归方法的反演结果更接近探空资料值.