Prediction of fish yield and potential productivity from limnological data in Lake Borollus, Egypt

Four limnological models (lake shoreline development (D_L), Morphoedaphic Index (MEI), primary production and total nutrient input) have been applied to Lake Borollus to estimate existing fish yield and future potential productivity. The estimated existing fish yield from the lake is about 1260 kg/ha (i.e. 53,000 tons/annum), which is at or near its existing potential and is considered in the ultra enriched category. From 1931 to 1935, the estimated fish production of Lake Borollus was about 68 kg/ha, which is considered low enriched category, while from1960 to 1970, the lake belonged to the moderately enriched category, where the estimated fish production was about 155 kg/ha, and then tremendously increased to about 580 kg/ha during the 1980's.Thisincrease in fish yield is mainly attributed to the nutrient loading of the southern and eastern drains to the lake. In the long term, and based on existing nutrient input to fish yield relationships, it is estimated that increased nutrient loading from drainage water may elevate its yield by 24, 580 tons by the year 2005 (i.e. total fish yield could be increased to 77,500 tons/annum). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Coastal Precipitation Regimes in Kenya

Kenya is under the influence of the seasonal reversal of the Indian ocean monsoons. However, its coastal belt, up to about 50 km inland, exhibits original climatic features. Hierarchical clustering of mean monthly rainfall for a large number of stations, particularly in the south-eastern region, strongly differentiate a maritime climate characterised by enhanced and delayed "long rains" and no dry season in the northern summer. Most of these rains fall at night or in the morning. Using daily rainfall data and twice-daily surface and upper-air wind observations, monsoon-breeze interactions and their role on April–August coastal precipitation are assessed. Rain spells common to the whole Kenya coast are associated to a slight weakening of the sea breeze, a strong easterly or south-easterly wind anomaly over most of Kenya at around 850–700 hPa, and sea surface temperatures greater than air temperatures.     

Scenarios of Future Climate Change: Effects on Frost Occurrence and Severity in the Maritime Uplands of Northern England

Changes in annual frost frequency and annual frost accumulation associated with a variety of temperature change scenarios are mapped for northern England. Estimates of future changes are obtained through application of analytical theory to convert predictions of mean daily minimum temperatures and their inter-diurnal variability to accumulated frost degrees and frost frequency. The baseline climate is provided by regression analysis of surface data involving up to ten terrain variables. Future scenarios include warm and cold analogues, maritime and continental airflow scenarios, arbitrary warming and two general circulation model (GCM) simulations: UKHI (United Kingdom Meteorological Office High Resolution GCM Equilibrium Experiment) and GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies). Considerable contrasts emerge between scenarios, with substantial reductions in frost frequency and accumulation in the two GCM 2 *CO₂ simulations. This is to be expected in a maritime area where small changes in temperature have a large influence on parameters involving threshold temperatures. Increases in frost occur under the continental airflow scenario. Changes in frost do not necessarily complement those in accumulated warmth, and therefore indices combining possible changes in warmth and frost are helpful.     

根据施工曲线确定酸化液用量

根据达西公式导出了基质酸化效果同酸化液作用距离的关系式，并在此基础上提出根据现场施工曲线确定酸化用量的新方法     

Baja California's Biological Transition Zones: Refuges for the California Sardine

The information on the transitional areas between the temperate and tropical domains at the southern extent of the California Current System is reviewed and described, particularly searching for the relative isolation or interchange between the western coast of the Baja California peninsula and the Gulf of California, as well as mechanisms that permit the existence of sizeable stocks of California sardine. Biological Action Centers that have high productivity throughout the year, as opposed to the rest of the coastal area, are found in both the western coast of the peninsula at the Sebastián Vizcaíno—Punta Eugenia region and in the Ballenas Channel inside the gulf; these features support large biomasses of sardine throughout the full year and serve as long term refuges during adverse periods. The role of the Sebastián Vizcaino sardine stock as the primary group for expansion is examined. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

南沙群岛海区浮游动物次级生产力及转换效率估算

1999年7月在南沙群岛海区进行了初级生产力和浮游生物调查,对海区27个站的100m水层的次级生产力作了估算,结果表明,85号站的次级生产力最高,为139.9mgC·m-2·d-1,其次是96号站和44号站,分别为128.2和113.8mgC·m-2·d-1。海区次级生产力较低的站为1号站、4号站和8号站,均少于50mgC·m-2·d-1。整个海区100m以上水体的次级生产力平均为72.9mgC·m-2·d-1。同时计算了初级生产力与浮游动物的次级生产力的营养传递的效率,平均转化效率为18%。94和102号站的转化效率较低,仅为6%和9%;最高为17号站为32%;其次6、22和85号站转化率也较高,分别为29%、30%和30%。     

刘公岛水域内叶绿素-α含量和初级生产力

据1990年11月至1991年8月间调查资料，提出刘公岛水域内叶绿素－a含量的时空分布和初级生产力的分布与变化。指出此分布与该水域温度和营养盐含量密切相关。叶绿素－a含量以春季最高，冬季次之，秋季稍低，夏季最低。年变幅为0．21～2．45mg／m3，年平均值为1．02mg／m3。初级生产力以夏季最高，春季次之，秋季略低，冬季最低，年变幅为33．40～512．72mg·c／m2·d，年平均值为181．15mg·c／m2·d。     

热带西太平洋海洋事件与初级生产力的关系

本文依据“中、美热带西太平洋联合调查研究”资料,分析了正常年份,El Ni(?)o及La-Nina事件热带西太平洋165°E断面(10°N～6°S)的初级生产力。结果发现,El Ni(?)o及La-Nina期间热带西太平洋165°E断面的海洋初级生产力较正常年份分别增加50%和70%左右。     

杭州湾——舟山渔场秋季浮游植物现存量和初级生产力

1995年9月在杭州湾和长江口至舟山海区进行了浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,表层水浮游植物平均细胞丰度为(22.68±63.33)×104个/dm3;平均叶绿素a浓度为2.80±3.46μg/dm3,小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对叶绿素a的贡献占71%;平均初级生产力(C)为692.5±1192.4mg/(m2·d),小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对总生产力的贡献占68%.河口区悬浮物质浓度高,浮游植物光合作用受光的限制,各项生物参数与真光层深度紧密相关.生物锋区位于真光层深度10～20m、盐度26～32的长江冲淡水稀释区.同时探讨了浮游植物细胞活性(R)与光合作用同化数(AN)、叶绿素a与初级生产力、叶绿素a与海面光谱反射率的相互关系,为海洋水色遥感在初级生产力的应用研究提供科学依据     

Paleoceanographic records and sea ice extension history on the slope of the northern Bering Sea over the last 100 ka B.P.

1Introduction TheBeringSea,locatedinthesub-arcticNorth Pacific,playsanimportantroleininfluencingtheevo- lutionaryprocessoftheglobalclimaticsystembecause itsseasonalseaiceisformedinrelativelowerlatitudes (Takahashi,1999).ItisalsoasinkofatmosphericCO2, whichisoriginatedfromtheeffectivebiologicalpump inthissea.Particulatefluxdatameasuredinthesea overthelast10aindicatethattheorganic/inorganic carbonratiowasalwaysgreaterthan1,whichexplains thattheBeingSeaoccupiesasignificantpositionin theproces…