A FORM-based approach for probabilistic analysis in geotechnics: Application to a reinforced concrete drainage culvert

As numerical models are increasingly used as a design tool in geotechnical engineering, it is highly desirable if geotechnical reliability analysis can be conducted based on numeral models. Currently, the practical use of geotechnical reliability analysis-based numerical models is still quite limited. In this study, an easy to access method is derived to conduct geotechnical reliability analysis based on numerical models. To facilitate its application, a procedure is outlined to implement the suggested method such that geotechnical reliability analysis can be automated using existing geotechnical numerical packages. The procedure is illustrated in detail with an example, and the source codes provided can be easily adapted to analyze other similar problems. The method described in this paper is used to study the reliability of a deteriorating reinforced concrete drainage culvert in Shanghai, China. The suggested method provides a convenient means for reliability analysis of complex geotechnical problems.     

基于GIS的概率比率模型的滑坡易发性评价

以中国1∶50万区域环境地质调查(以地质灾害为主)、700个县(市)地质灾害调查与区划调查等(成果)资料为基础,选取地形起伏度、地貌类型、工程地质岩组、地震动峰值加速度、年平均降雨量、土地利用程度综合指数6个评价因子,采用概率比率模型,1 km×1 km评价单元,计算得到全国滑坡易发性评价指数图,并验证了结果的可靠性。进行了易发程度分区,最终得到高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区4个分区,完成了全国滑坡易发程度分区图。研究表明,概率比率模型方法可以客观、定量地评价滑坡易发性,适用于大区域易发性评价。     

变形对非饱和土渗透系数影响规律模拟研究

渗透系数是非饱和土渗流分析中最重要的参数。本文以概率、统计理论为基础,结合流体力学的基本方程,建立了一个能够考虑孔隙结构影响的饱和土渗透系数计算模型,而后结合Mualeum(1976)的相对渗透系数模型以及Assouline(2006)提出并验证的孔隙结构参数随变形的变化规律,模拟了变形对非饱和土渗透系数的影响,通过和试验数据以及已有的模型对比。     

岩土工程勘察的风险控制

岩土工程勘察存在着岩土自身和人的认知程度两方面的不确定性,主要的风险控制管理点在于解决这两个不确定性的问题上。再加上认真执行有关规范就可将岩土工程勘查控制在可以接受的范围之内。     

因子组合方法在新会持续高温预报中的应用

利用新会1957—2003年气温和降雨量资料,应用因子组合方法寻找影响新会6-9月长时间持续高温天气出现的因子。结果显示,能够准确地预报夏天是否出现持续高温天气≥6d,从而有效地提高长期天气、特别是小概率事件的预测能力。     

磁暴K指数与云南地区中强震相关性统计分析

应用云南通海地磁台K≥6的磁暴数据,对云南省内M≥5．0地震发震时间关系进行统计分析发现：K≥7的大磁暴对云南省M≥5．0地震触发作用显著,且不同强度的磁暴对地震的触发作用有差异,磁暴强度增加,触发作用也增大。这一分析结果对云南地区5级以上地震发生时间的预测有一定的意义、     

线性与立方恢复力等效模型的适用性研究

基于方程差的均方最小准则,探讨了硬弹簧杜芬系统高斯白噪声作用稳态位移响应的线性与立方恢复力等效模型的适用性。结果表明:等效化误差率取决于相对刚度硬化系数η;随着η的增加,线性化等效模型预测精度下降而立方恢复力等效模型预测精度提高;η具有一个临界值η=0;η=η0时,线性与立方恢复力等效模型具有相同的预测精度而在η>η0 情况下,立方恢复力等效模型优于线性化模型。     

中国各省月预报与无技巧预报的评估分析

在Ps评分中,预报技巧是由一段时间内实际业务的Ps评分与随机预报评分之差确定。通过对中国各省无技巧预报评分的评估,定量分析了在现行评分办法中影响无技巧评分存在差异的两个因素。统计结果及分析表明:(1)由于各省测站要素各等级气候概率分布的差异,决定了随机预报准确率存在差异。以省份为单位,随机预报评分降水最大差异为14分,气温最大差异为7分;(2)目前预报正确性判定标准的设计,使得在只做二级预报或持续预报时,可以大幅度提高无技巧预报准确率,给无技巧预报评分的定量评估带来不确定因素;(3)对比持续预报和随机预报的评估结果,全国平均降水提高了9分,温度提高了13分。研究结果表明,由于各省之间的无技巧预报评分存在明显差异,因此直接利用Ps评分比较预报技巧,不能客观反映出预报能力的差异。     

A Probabilistic Prediction Model for Heavy Rain-Caused Landslides in the Chongqing Region

Landslide (or rockslide) is a geological disaster that is mainly induced by strong precipitation, among a number of other natural inducing factors. Based on 1615 landslide cases, a statistical analysis is performed to find the relationship among the landslide occurrence time, rainfall 0-10 days ahead, and probability of landslides over the Chongqing region. The results show that 1) strong rainfall-caused landslides occur mainly on the day it rains or 1-2 days after the heavy rain, and as time goes on, the likelihood of the disaster reduces rapidly; 2) the heavier the rainfall, the closer the landslide time is to the precipitation time.A concept of "effective precipitation" is thus developed, and a categorical prediction model for heavy rain-caused landslides is established. Tests show that for categories III, IV, and V landslides, the model forecast accuracy arrives at 29.9%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. This indicates that the categorized probabilistic prediction can serve as a warning for the landslide prevention and mitigation.     

气候概率分布理论及其应用新进展

随着全球变暖加剧,气候变化的研究不断深入,有关气候概率分布理论及其应用研究不但增加了许多新的内涵,而且有了长足的发展。文章从观测资料的分布拟合,气候概率分布的形成机制,气候变化的标志,即气候概率分布的变化、全球气候变化背景下的气候极值分布模式以及气候变量的空间域概率分布模式等方面简要综述了近年来气候概率分布理论及其应用领域的若干新进展。