平度市国土资源局全面推进“双保”行动的探索

为应对国际金融危机,平度市国土资源局积极响应国土资源部在全国范围内部署开展的"保增长、保红线"双保行动,立足部门职能,扎实工作,加强和改善土地宏观调控新机制,有效保障扩大内需,保障重点项目用地,促进经济平稳较快发展。     

黄河下游(山东段)主要生态环境地质问题及对策

在收集分析大量最新资料基础上,阐述了黄河下游(山东段)存在的水质污染、地下水资源短缺,以及地面沉降、地裂缝、地面塌陷、砂土液化、土壤盐渍化、黄河堤防河道稳定性等主要生态环境地质问题,并提出了区内主要生态环境地质问题的防治对策,这对黄河下游(山东段)国土资源开发、防灾、黄河"治黄"与防洪减灾、地质生态环境保护及管理等,具有较高的参考价值。     

济南市基本农田保护示范区建设初探

2006年,国土资源部确定在全国范围内开展基本农田保护示范区建设,济南市每年设立1 333.33 hm2(2万亩)市级基本农田保护示范区,进行田、水、路、林、村综合整治。通过科学选定项目、明确建设任务、完善建设标准,逐步实现基本农田建设标准化、基础工作规范化、保护责任社会化,促进农业增产、农村增效、农民增收。     

The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China: Its features and protection

The geological heritage protection and its development at home and abroad reflect the progress in the aspect from the single protection to the coordination between protection and exploitation. The geopark established by UNESCO has closely combined the protection of geological heritages with the promotion of sustainable development of local economy, which has become the best way to protect geological heritages. The geological heritages in Xinjiang, China, are characterized by their large quantity, rich variety and high grade. The complicated geologic-geomorphic environment in Xinjiang contributes to the creation of various geological heritage types and their spatial distribution, and at the same time makes them under control. The main types of the geological heritages in Xinjiang are the geologic- geomorphic landscapes and the water landscapes. The spatial distribution can be divided into five geological heritage districts: Altay, Junggar, Tianshan, Tarim and Kunlun-Altun, among which Tianshan and Kunlun-Altun are most important. Based on the first systematic investigation of the geological heritages in Xinjiang, it is confirmed that the insufficient coordination between protection and exploitation is the primary cause for the backward situation in the geological heritage protection. To solve the problem, this paper proposes 6 major protection steps—from determining the protection types, the protection forms, the protection modes, the protection grades, the protection sequences to determining the protection zones, brings forward the idea of optimal-selection which integrates geoparks with geological heritage protection areas and other protection areas as well as 5 corresponding modes, and makes a protection and exploitation reserve list for 209 important geological heritages in Xinjiang.     

红树林名称与红树林湿地保护

红树林保护刻不容缓,但目前的保护现状并不乐观,尤其是在忽视其湿地本质和生态系统的情况下,单纯的有林地保护现象甚为突出。针对以上问题,从红树林名称入手指出红树林的林学渊源,理清概念,分析保护现状,并从生态系统的角度阐述了红树林湿地结构和功能的整体性,探讨和呼吁科学的管理和保护。     

临沂市水系林业生态保护体系建设规划初探

研究分析了临沂市水系分布状况,进行了生态功能区与重点保护区区域划分。引入流域生态修复技术及森林健康经营、生态型林果生产经营等先进营造林技术,设计了水系生态防护林带、封山育林、退耕还林、荒山造林、湿地保护与修复工程建设、示范区建设,突出林业生态保护功能,增加森林总量,提升森林生产力,解决区域水系水土流失和水资源污染等生态问题。     

桂林甑皮岩洞穴遗址地下水示踪及污染来源分析

桂林甑皮岩遗址周围地带地下水中污染物的种类及来源复杂。为了查明地下水系统的结构特征,分析地下水的污染物运移路径和追溯污染源,采用在线高分辨率示踪技术与人工采样相结合的方法。选取荧光素钠和罗丹明B两种示踪剂,在桂林甑皮岩遗址周围进行了三次示踪试验。根据试验结果分析地下水流场,计算地下水平均流速。结果表明地下水流速在1.6~33.91 m/d,平均值为12.92 m/d。流场内岩溶以溶蚀裂隙为主,且裂隙发育呈网络式,存在西北向东南方向的主径流带,但大型岩溶管道存在的可能性小。三次示踪试验结果均显示,投放点所在的污染源区与遗址周围地下水存在水力联系,因此,遗址附近的居民小区、学校、原砖厂等污染源对遗址下部的地下水存在潜在污染,需更大程度地划分遗址的保护范围。特别是甑皮岩景区化粪池密闭情况较差,严重危害遗址环境,必须对化粪池进行防渗处理。      

Assessment of effectiveness of nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau based on net primary production and the large sample comparison method

Twenty-one typical coupled large samples were chosen from areas within and surrounding nature reserves on the Tibetan Plateau using the large sample comparison method (LSCM). To evaluate the effectiveness of the nature reserves in protecting the ecological environment, the alpine grassland net primary production (NPP) of these coupled samples were compared and the differences between them before and after their establishment as protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) With respect to the alpine grassland NPP, the ecological and environmental conditions of most nature reserves were more fragile than those of the surrounding areas and also lower than the average values for the Tibetan Plateau. (2) Of the 11 typical nature reserves selected, the positive trend in the NPP for Manzetang was the most significant, whereas there was no obvious trend in Taxkorgan. With the exception of Selincuo, the annual NPP growth rate in the nature reserves covered by alpine meadow and wetland was higher than that in nature reserves consisting of alpine steppe and alpine desert. (3) There were notable findings in 21 typical coupled samples: (a) After the establishment of the nature reserves, the annual rate of increase in the NPP in 76% of samples inside nature reserves and 82% of samples inside national nature reserves was higher than that of the corresponding samples outside nature reserves. (b) The effectiveness of ecological protection of the Mid-Kunlun, Changshagongma, Zoige and Selincuo (Selin Co) nature reserves was significant; the effectiveness of protection was relatively significant in most parts of the Sanjiangyuan and Qiangtang nature reserves, whereas in south-east Manzetang and north Taxkorgan the protection effectiveness was not obvious. (c) The ecological protection effectiveness was significant in nature reserves consisting of alpine meadow, but was weak in nature reserves covered by alpine steppe. This study also shows that the advantage of large sample comparison method in evaluating regional ecology change. Careful design of the samples used, to ensure comparability between the samples, is crucial to the success of this LSCM.     

水包油钻井液在梨深1井欠平衡段的应用

采用何种流体作为携岩介质,既能保护油气层又能保持井壁的稳定是欠平衡钻井的关键。梨深1井在四开欠平衡井段采用了水包油钻井液体系,这是该区域首次使用此体系。通过配方的优选,科学的维护处理,不但能够发现和保护了油气层,同时对较长泥岩段的井壁稳定起到了良好的防塌效果,为以后该区域的欠平衡钻井施工提供了一个较好的携岩体系。     

裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术研究进展

概述了近年来国内外裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术的研究进展。主要介绍了裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层损害的评价方法、损害机理以及储层保护技术的研究现状,并与成熟的碎屑岩储层保护技术相比较,分析了裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层保护技术的发展方向。