Laboratory study and predictive modeling for thaw subsidence in deep permafrost

Oil wells on the North Slope of Alaska pass through deep deposits of permafrost. The heat transferred during their operation causes localized thawing, resulting in ground subsidence adjacent to the well casings. This subsidence has a damaging effect, causing the casings to compress, deform, and potentially fail. This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of the thaw consolidation strain of deep permafrost and its predictive modeling. Tests were performed to determine strains due to thaw and post-thaw loading, as well as soil index properties. Results, together with data from an earlier testing program, were used to produce empirical models for predicting strains and ground subsidence. Four distinct strain cases were analyzed with three models by multiple regression analyses, and the best-fitting model was selected for each case. Models were further compared in a ground subsidence prediction using a shared subsurface profile. Laboratory results indicate that strains due to thaw and post-thaw testing in deep core permafrost are insensitive to depth and are more strongly influenced by stress redistributions and the presence of ice lenses and inclusions. Modeling results show that the most statistically valid and useful models were those constructed using moisture content, porosity, and degree of saturation. The applicability of these models was validated by comparison with results from Finite Element modeling.     

2018年西北太平洋台风活动特征和预报难点分析

利用1949-2018年中国气象局台风最佳路径、2018年中央气象台的台风路径强度实时预报、ECMWF数值预报以及NCEP逐日高分辨率海温RTG_SST(0.083°×0.083°)等资料,对2018年西北太平洋台风活动的主要特征和预报难点进行了分析.结果 表明:2018年台风生成频数偏多,生成源地偏东,南海台风活跃;...     

CFSv2对2018年浙江梅雨降水多尺度预测的性能评估

从梅雨预测的业务需求出发,系统开展了CFSv2模式对2018年浙江梅雨期降水预报能力的多时间尺度评估。结果发现3月1日—5月31日的起报结果整体上未能较准确地预测6月浙江大部降水偏少的趋势、仅5月31日的预测结果与实况相符;在延伸期尺度上,CFSv2预测的梅雨期总降水量较实况偏少30%左右;基于相关系数、均方根误差和新定义的综合预报技巧指数等指标分析模式的延伸期预报性能,发现对梅雨期总降水量、逐日区域平均降水量和逐日全省各站降水量的预报技巧有限,对浙江梅雨区的预报水平总体高于浙江全省。评估结果表明CFSv2预报产品表现出显著的系统性干偏差;在延伸期尺度上,随着预报时效的缩短,预报效果并非逐步提升、而是客观存在一个最佳预报时效,各起报日也分别对应着不同的最优预报时段,整体而言梅雨降水的延伸期预测可能对初值并不敏感。     

基于多手段异常结果的地震综合概率预测

地震综合预测是,根据地震地质、地震活动性、地震前兆异常和环境因素等多种分析手段,与前兆信息监测所进行的现代防震减灾研究.最初的综合预测方法主要以预报经验的数学化统计为主,主要包含测震学、地壳形变学、地磁地电、地下流体等4种学科的预测方法,以及衍生出的,如综合概率法、模糊聚类、模式识别、专家系统以及模糊综合判定等分析方法...     

Improved ENSO forecasts by assimilating sea surface temperature observations into an intermediate coupled model

A simple method for initializing intermediate coupled models (ICMs) using only sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly data is comprehensively tested in two sets of hindcasts with a new ICM. In the initialization scheme, both the magnitude of the nudging parameter and the duration of the assimilation are considered, and initial conditions for both atmosphere and ocean are generated by running the coupled model with SST anomalies nudged to the observations. A comparison with the observations indicates that the scheme can generate realistic thermal fields and surface dynamic fields in the equatorial Pacific through hindcast experiments. An ideal experiment is performed to get the optimal nudging parameters which include the nudging intensity and nudging time length. Twelve-month-long hindcast experiments are performed with the model over the period 1984–2003 and the period 1997–2003. Compared with the original prediction results, the model prediction skills are significantly improved by the nudging method especially beyond a 6-month lead time during the two different periods. Potential problems and further improvements are discussed regarding the new coupled assimilation system.     

开封春季24h大风预报方法

利用开封1981-2000年3—5月的大风资料，依据冷空气路径，将大风分为东北型、西北型；选出预报因子，用逐步回归方法，对因子进行筛选，选出效果较好的预报因子建立方程。     

欧洲中心集合预报在中国区域中期时效离散度预报技巧关系分析

预测数值模式对于中期天气预报能力是集合预报的重要应用之一。为研究集合预报在中国区域中期时效(96～360h)预报技巧的预测能力,本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)全球集合预报系统2007—2011年500 hPa高度场和850hPa温度场预报数据,采取两种不同的离散度-预报技巧关系表征方法进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)以均方根误差为表征的预报技巧(RMS_(ENS))和离散度(SP_(RMSE))表现出季节循环特征,即冬(夏)季值高(低),这是大气内在性质的表现。而以距平相关为表征的预报技巧(AC_(ENS))和离散度(SP_(AC))没有显著的内在季节变化特征。(2)对比分析两种不同表征的离散度-预报技巧关系可知,以距平相关为表征的离散度-预报技巧关系更能反映中期时效的预报技巧,且850 hPa温度场较500 hPa高度场二者的相关性更好。(3)定量分析离散度-预报技巧关系表明,小离散度情况下更能体现高的预报技巧,但这种关系从96～360 h样本百分比下降了20%左右,而在大离散度情况下离散度-预报技巧关系相对弱一些,且随预报时效的延长样本百分比没有显著的降低。(4)样本统计显示中期各时效SP_(RMSE)和SP_(AC)二者一致的样本占59%～66%,并没有显示较高的一致性特征。上述分析结果为集合预报在中期时效预报技巧预测方面提供定性和定量的参考。     

自动气象站蓄电池预测性维护的监测系统评定

为提高自动气象站蓄电池的维护效率,本文将预测性维护引入气象保障领域,通过对蓄电池预测性维护的技术要点、测试方案及流程等的介绍,选取3种不同劣化程度的蓄电池依次进行离线状态测试、浮充状态测试以及放电测试,通过数据对比分析初步给出了蓄电池预测性维护监测系统的综合评定。结果表明,在浮充状态下,监测系统电压和内阻的测试精度良好,能够很好地测试出蓄电池在不同健康状况下的电压与内阻值,即对报废电池、具有一定劣化程度电池和新电池的测试数据存在显著差别,在自动气象站蓄电池预测性维护中可利用浮充状态下测得的内阻数据对蓄电池劣化程度进行有效判别。     

华南冬季异常冷月预测概念模型Ⅱ──大气环流、极冰、积雪等物理因子特征

统计分析了华南冬季异常冷月及其前期大气环流及外部强迫因子的变化特征。结果表明,异常冷月当月至其前期３月西太平洋副热带高压带高压持续偏弱或位置偏东偏南。前一年东亚夏季风弱,当年冬季风强。前期７、８、９月和当年冬季亚洲极涡扩展。１月前期１１月和１２月青藏高原积雪日数偏少。２月前期１１个月,特别是３～８月北极Ⅳ区极冰偏多,１２月前期１～１１月Ⅱ期极冰偏多,３～８月Ⅲ区极冰偏少。综合上述因子以及５００ｈｐ     

An Effective Approach for Improving the Real-Time Prediction of Summer Rainfall over China

This paper has two purposes. One is to evaluate the ability of an atmospheric general circulation model (IAP9L-AGCM) to predict summer rainfall over China one season in advance. The other is to propose a new approach to improve the predictions made by the model. First, a set of hindcast experiments for summer climate over China during 1982-2010 are performed from the perspective of real-time prediction with the IAP9L-AGCM model and the IAP ENSO prediction system. Then a new approach that effectively combines the hind-cast with its correction is proposed to further improve the model’s predictive ability. A systematic evaluation reveals that the model’s real-time predictions for 41 stations across China show significant improvement using this new approach, especially in the lower reaches between the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys.