北疆冬季降水异常与前期环流特征的相关分析

用相关分析法计算了北疆冬季降水与前期各月北半球500hPa平均高度场的相关系数，选择相关好的域计算了北疆冬季降水异常年份对应的前期相关月的500hPa距平场，结果表明当年9月欧洲脊的强弱及新疆上空急锋锋区的位置与前冬降水异常有一定的相关，6月北欧-极区冷空气的强度及12月西西伯利亚脊的位置和强弱与后冬降水异常有一定的相关。     

南疆西部大降水天气过程的统计分析

对南疆西部1970－1999年大降水天气过程的分析表明，大降水集中出现在夏季，中亚低涡是造成南疆西部大降水的主要影响系统。     

广西主汛期降水量异常诊断分析

通过对广西主汛期降水量的分析 ,初步确定了异常偏多和异常偏少年 ,分析广西主汛期平均降水量与太平洋海温场和大气环流的关系 ,筛选影响广西降水量的海温和 5 0 0 h Pa位势高度场因子 ;建立降水异常的统计诊断模型及概念诊断预测模型。     

北太平洋海温与南宁地区后汛期降水量的关系

利用 195 8- 1995年北太平洋月平均海面温度及南宁地区后汛期 (7～ 9月 )降雨量资料 ,分析了它们之间的相关关系。得出 :南宁地区后汛期降雨量与上年夏季至当年春季的海面温度存在相当明显的遥相关关系。对 1996- 1999年后汛期降雨量进行预测试报 ,并经 2 0 0 0年实际应用 ,得到基本相符的结论     

一种改进我国汛期降水预测的新思路

1998年1月赤道东太平洋海温为正异常、1月黑潮－西风漂流区海温为负异常、青藏高原冬春积雪为正异常。通过对1998年汛期降水的预测实践分析研究指出，当此三因子同时异常时，利用其中任何一个单因子都难以较好地同时预测出1998年发生在我国长江中下游和东北嫩江流域的多雨区和华北平原的少雨区。而通过EOF分解和动力模式对三因子异常进行综合集成所作的预测和实况基本一致。对多因子异常的综合集成是改进和提高汛期降水预测水平的有效手段，沿着这一新思路，利用EOF筛选出前明显异常的重要因子，选择一个较好的区域气候模式，有希望通过综合集成作出比较可信的预报。     

青藏高原积雪异常与贵州东、西部旱、寒灾害关系的初步分析

利用 195 8— 1992年的有关资料 ,对青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱关系进行了统计分析。结果发现 :青藏高原冬、春季积雪异常与贵州春、夏季不同区域干旱和低温灾害的强弱间存在明显的相关关系 ,高原异常多雪年贵州西部 4月春旱偏重 ;东部夏旱偏重 ,春季低温灾害偏轻。反之 ,高原异常少雪年贵州西部春旱和东部夏旱都偏轻 ,春季低温灾害偏重。     

一种减少有限区气候模式嵌套误差积累的方法

介绍了一种用于减少有限区气候模式中嵌套误差积累的新方法——三维嵌套方法 ,详细阐述了这种方法提出的原因、必要性和它的理论基础。在有限区气候模式上进行三维嵌套与二维嵌套的对比试验 ,试验结果表明三维嵌套方案可减少嵌套预报误差的积累 ,并且对于降水的预报也有很大的改善。     

Forecasting Monsoon Precipitation Using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques for climate forecast. It pres ents a study on modelling the monsoon precipitation forecast by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Using the historical data of the total amount of summer rainfall over the Delta Area of Yangtze River in China, three ANNs models have been developed to forecast the monsoon precipitation in the corre sponding area one year, five-year, and ten-year forward respectively. Performances of the models have been validated using a ＇new＇ data set that has not been exposed to the models during the processes of model development and test. The experiment results are promising, indicating that the proposed ANNs models have good quality in terms of the accuracy, stability and generalisation ability.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL VARIATION OF RAINFALL OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU DURING SUMMER 1998 AND ITS IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN WEATHER*

The seasonal variation of rainy season over the Tibetan Plateau in summer 1998 is analyzed by using daily observational rainfall data for Lhasa from 1955 to 1996,and rainfall data at 70 stations from January to August of 1998 over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and adjacent regions,as well as TBB data from May to August of 1998.The onset date of rainy season for Lhasa is climatologically 6 June.Among the analyzed years,the earliest onset date is 6 May,while the latest may delay to 2 July.The obvious inter-decadal variation can be found in the series of onset date.The onset date of summer 1998 over middle TP (onset date of Lhasa) is 24 June,which is relatively later than the normal case.The onset for rainy season of 1998 started over southeast and northeast parts of TP and then propagated westward and northward.The convection over east and west parts of TP shows that there is a quasi 12-15 day oscillation.In June,the convection over middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is formed by the westward propagation of convection over subtropical western Pacific.while in July.it is formed by the eastward propagation of convection over TP.Besides,it is also found that there exists good negative and obvious advance and lag correlation between the convection over the middle and western TP and that over the subtropical western Pacific and southern China.Therefore it can be inferred that a feedback zonal circulation with a quasi two-three week oscillation exists between the ascending region of TP and descending region of subtropical western Pacific,i.e.the convection over TP may affect the subtropical high over western Pacific and vice versa.     

天目山柳杉树轮δ13C对华东地区降水序列的重建

对采自天目山的柳杉树轮进行交叉定年后,得到树轮的δ¹³C年序列。将δ¹³C年序列去除大气CO₂的影响,保留其高频振荡部分。利用华东地区部分气象站的降水资料,通过主成份分析,分析了降水与树轮δ¹³C之间的关系。考虑滞后效应,利用回归方法重建了过去一百多年来的华东地区不同时段的降水序列,并分析其变化特征。