Types and spatial combinations of Danxia landform of Fangyan in Zhejiang Province

The prominent types of Danxia landform in Fangyan include enclosed valleys, mesas, peaks, stone columns and grooves etc. Their spatial combinations have regular configurations along the northwest–southeast direction: typical grooves and caves are located in the northwestern Wufengshuyuan mainly; abundant fresh collapsed stones may be observed in central Jimingfeng and Taohuafeng; stone drums and stone columns are in the southeastern Shiguliao particularly; enclosed valleys are encircling joints of peaks and plains from three directions east, west, and south. Their spatial combinations reflect that the developments of Danxia landform have undergone stages of geomorphic cyclical erosion in the form of weathering, collapse, transportation, sedimentation and other processes, together with the “sculpture” of external forces mainly as tectonic uplift. The picturesque Danxia landform began its formation at that point. Danxia landform developed mainly in the strata of Fangyan Formation (K1f) caused by the alluvial fan-braided river phase of anterior fan in the late period of the Early Cretaceous. Regular patterns of weathering of stones and features of braided alluvial phase sediments may be verified by the analysis of three groups of experimental data. Danxia landform of Fangyan is a unique representative of the “adolescent” development type in the application of the World Natural Heritages status in China, by virtue of its outstanding universal aesthetic and scientific value.     

Design and Application of the Annual Report of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Monitoring

Scientific and effective heritage monitoring can not only realize the conservation of the heritage itself and the maintenance of its values, but it can also realize the sustainable development of the heritage site. In order to promote the conservation and management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), this study proposed a design for the annual report of GIAHS monitoring under the overall framework of the GIAHS monitoring system, and explored the application of the annual report in the first GIAHS site in China: the Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System. In the design scheme of this study, the GIAHS annual monitoring report is composed of 24 monitoring items, with each of them logically related. It is to be filled in by the bureaus of the heritage site and reported through the GIAHS dynamic monitoring system. The results of an analysis of the annual reports of Qingtian Rice-Fish Culture System for four years showed that Qingtian County has taken a series of conservation and development measures which have reduced the area of abandoned paddy, enhanced the unit benefit of agri-products, and increased the farmers’ income. At the same time, the heritage site is faced with various challenges and threats, such as the weakening of the tourism attraction, the aging of the heritage practitioners, and the limitation of the heritage-themed agri-products and tourism income, which need to be addressed with proper measures. The results can also provide guidance for other GIAHS based on indications that heritage sites should improve the development of cultural products, the construction of social organization and the cultivation of spontaneous publicity, and an exchange and learning mechanism should be established among them in the future. The design and application of the GIAHS annual monitoring reports can not only provide specific guidance for conducting the GIAHS monitoring, but also lay the foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of GIAHS conservation and management. This study is expected to help enrich the theory of GIAHS monitoring, further promote China’s GIAHS monitoring work, and also provide China’s experience for the benefit of international GIAHS monitoring efforts.     

小良试验站三种植被类型地表径流效应的对比研究

本文分析研究了３种植被类型下的地表径流在汇流、洪峰及径流过程上的特征，差异是巨大的。在径流过程上桉树林和裸地的变地剧烈，几乎没有什么调蓄作用，洪峰流量占一次性降水径流量的绝大部分，涨水和退水流量都较小。本文应用灰色系统ＧＭ（２，１）模型，成功地预测了以年和以月为时间尺度的地表径流序列，其预测模型可以用来对这些时间尺度的地表径流进行预报。     

Orbit of Comet C/1857 D1 (d'Arrest)

Comet C/ 1857 D1 (d'Arrest) is one of a large number of comets with parabolic orbits. Given that there are sufficient observations of the comet, 299 in right ascension and 279 in declination, it proves possible to calculate a better orbit. The calculations are based on a 12th order predictor‐corrector method. The comet's orbit is highly elliptical, e = 0.99982 and, from calculated mean errors, statistically different from a parabola. The comet will not return for at least 44000 years and thus represents no immediate NEO threat (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

��������CORS���������Ӳ�׼ʵʱ���Ƽ���Ӧ��

????????GPS??????????????????IGU??????????????÷???????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????IGS??????????????侫????????0.2 ns??????λ???????????????1 cm??????????????2 cm??     

GeoSOT-3D椭球体剖分真三维数据表达

随着地球观测技术和信息技术的进步,以全球为背景的科学探索不断增多,不仅是地球表面信息,地下、水下、空中等地球上各个层次的空间信息都受到极大的关注。地球球体剖分网格可以构建真三维的数据模型,进而实现空天地、地下水下一体化的空间数据组织、管理、表达与应用。本文详细论述了GeoSOT-3D椭球体剖分网格的剖分空间框架、剖分编码与剖分尺度特性等理论体系。建立基于GeoSOT-3D的空间对象的真三维表达模型。利用该真三维模型实现了地球椭球体的地上地下可视化,点线面体等空间实体的可视化。研究表明,GeoSOT-3D椭球体剖分具有椭球剖分框架简单、体系完整、二三维一致等特点,因而在该框架下的真三维数据模型可用于下一代地理信息系统中的空间大数据的组织管理与表达。     

基于多卫星遥感产品的极端降水监测研究

以中国气象局提供的地面观测站点逐小时降水数据为基准数据,综合评估了目前国际上主流的高分辨率多卫星遥感降水在2015年强台风灿鸿所带来的极端降水事件中的表现。结果表明:1所有的卫星遥感降水产品在此次极端降水事件中对实际降水都存在着低估,其中IMERG系列下经过校正的Final产品IMERG-Final-Calibrated表现得最好;2IMERG-Late-Calibrated在实时产品中表现最好,一定程度上可以满足极端降水事件监测对实时性的要求;3总的来说,在此次极端降水事件中,不管是滞时类产品还是实时类产品,IMERG系列卫星降水的表现均要好于TMPA系列下卫星降水的表现。     

基于W500的NTP时间服务器设计

针对局域网领域对时间同步的要求,主要利用微控制器STM32和单片网络接口芯片W5100为核心搭建硬件平台来设计一个高精度、高吞吐量的NTP时间服务器系统,为客户端提供高精度的时间信息,从而实现客户端与服务器时间同步的功能。实验及分析表明,该系统运行稳定,能够实现网络时间同步。     

1736-2010年华南前汛期始日变化

根据清代华南雨雪分寸记载的内容、特点,参照华南地区前汛期降水特征,提出了利用雨雪分寸记载重建华南前汛期开始时间的方法,重建了1736-1911 年福州与广州前汛期开始日期变化序列;并利用福州与广州（分别始于1953 和1952 年）逐日降水观测记录辨识了器测时期两地前汛期的逐年开始时间;据此分析了过去300 年华南前汛期开始日期的年-年代际变化特征。结果表明：1736-2010 年间,福州、广州两地前汛期开始时间平均为5 月第1 候;但存在显著的年际和年代际波动,其中重建时段（1736-1911 年）的主周期为2~3 年、准10 年和准40年,器测时段的主周期为2~3 年、准10 年和准22 年。在年际尺度,重建时段福州和广州前汛期开始时间最早的年份均为4 月第4 候,最晚的年份则分别为5 月第6 候和6 月第1 候;而器测时段两地前汛期开始时间的最早年、最晚年均为4 月第4 候和6 月第1 候。在年代际尺度,重建时段福州和广州相邻年代最大变幅分别为2.2 候和1.6 候;器测时段福州和广州相邻年代最大变幅则分别为2.5 候和2.4 候。     

显性语法知识传授中的发现原则

尽管语法在交际教学法鼎盛时期一度遭到冷遇，但现在又重新被英语语言教学所接纳，作为一种新的语法教学方式，发现原则综合了传统归纳发和演绎法的长处，概述了发现原则的理论依据，指出发现原则旨在鼓励学习者积极参与而非被动接受，符合当前认知主义对二语学习的认识。