Results and perspectives of young stellar object long look programs

Both Chandra and XMM‐Newton have performed long look programs for studying the YSO physics. I will discuss recent results on the controversial issue of Class 0 YSO X‐ray emission, the observational evidence of magnetic funnels interconnecting the YSO with its circumstellar disk and the Fe 6.4 keV fluorescent line emission and its origin. While recent results of the XMM‐Newton DROXO program challenge the “standard” interpretation of the Fe 6.4 kev line origin as due to photoionized fluorescing disk material, the discovery of X‐ray excited Ne 12.81 μ m line is a clear evidence of the interaction between X‐rays and disk material. Future long look observations with XMM‐Newton are required to clarify the X‐ray effects on YSO disk. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Dating the introduction of cereal cultivation to the British Isles: early palaeoecological evidence from the Isle of Man

The adoption of cereal cultivation is a key benchmark in the transition from Mesolithic hunter–gatherer foraging to Neolithic farming economies, but the nature, timing and ecological–cultural context of the earliest cereal use in the British Isles and northwest Europe is still uncertain. We present AMS radiocarbon dating and fine‐resolution pollen evidence from the Isle of Man for cereal growing in the latter stages of a distinct episode of forest disturbance at almost 6000 yr BP (uncalibrated). The coherent ecological structure of this phase at the fine resolution level suggests that it records cereal cultivation well before the Ulmus decline, rather than wild grass pollen grains. This example is one of a cluster of early dates for cereal‐type pollen near the start of the sixth millenium BP, including several around the Irish Sea, which indicate that the introduction of cereal agriculture probably occurred as early in the central British Isles as in the northern European plain. This early cereal phase is followed later by a probable phase of pre‐Ulmus decline pastoral activity. We also report Mesolithic age woodland disturbance around 7000 yr BP (uncalibrated) and the first radiocarbon dates for mid‐Holocene forest history of the Isle of Man. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

锚拉桩深基坑支护预应力锚杆的现场测试研究

通过预应力锚杆深基坑支护基坑变形性状和预应力锚杆拉力的现场测试研究 ,获得了一些有益的结论 ,对其在软土基坑工程中的推广和应用提供参考     

The influence of autocorrelation on the ability to detect trend in hydrological series

This study investigated using Monte Carlo simulation the interaction between a linear trend and a lag‐one autoregressive (AR(1)) process when both exist in a time series. Simulation experiments demonstrated that the existence of serial correlation alters the variance of the estimate of the Mann–Kendall (MK) statistic; and the presence of a trend alters the estimate of the magnitude of serial correlation. Furthermore, it was shown that removal of a positive serial correlation component from time series by pre‐whitening resulted in a reduction in the magnitude of the existing trend; and the removal of a trend component from a time series as a first step prior to pre‐whitening eliminates the influence of the trend on the serial correlation and does not seriously affect the estimate of the true AR(1). These results indicate that the commonly used pre‐whitening procedure for eliminating the effect of serial correlation on the MK test leads to potentially inaccurate assessments of the significance of a trend; and certain procedures will be more appropriate for eliminating the impact of serial correlation on the MK test. In essence, it was advocated that a trend first be removed in a series prior to ascertaining the magnitude of serial correlation. This alternative approach and the previously existing approaches were employed to assess the significance of a trend in serially correlated annual mean and annual minimum streamflow data of some pristine river basins in Ontario, Canada. Results indicate that, with the previously existing procedures, researchers and practitioners may have incorrectly identified the possibility of significant trends. Copyright © Environment Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄原酯棉分离富集催化极谱法测定天然水中痕量铜

本文研究了黄原酯棉分离富集水中痕量铜的条件，结合催化极谱，可用水中３μｇ／Ｌ～２００μｇ／Ｌ铜的测定，方法简便、快速，适用性强。     

我国台风灾害年景预评估方法初探

本文以热带气旋年潜在影响力指数(yearly tropical cyclone potential tmpact index,YTCPI)为纽带,初步探讨了我国台风灾害年景预评估方法,预评估检验结果显示,1991 2008年,除1996、1997和2004年预估年景偏轻外,其他年份均与实际年景相一致;2009—2013年独立样本预估结果显示,只有2009年没有预估正确;总体上可以看出借助YTCPI指数来预评估台风灾害年景是可行的。     

华南前汛期降水与南极海冰变化的关系

利用１９７３￣１９８９年南极海冰北界资料和１９７２￣１９８１年南半球气旋资料,分析南极海冰变异对华南前汛期降水的影响。结果表明,两者之间存在密切关系,当南极海冰面积趋于增大时,华南前汛期的雨水变趋增加,反之亦然。２￣３月份威尔克斯地方向地海冰北界位置与同年华南前汛期雨量密切相关。而９月份罗斯海方向（１８０°）海冰北界的伸缩对次年华南前汛期降水量有明显指示性。南半球低纬（０￣３０°Ｓ）的气旋活动在南     

油气储集层突变理论识别技术及其应用

本文论述了突变论中的尖点突变模型及其表达式,将地震信号化成尖点突变的标准形式,在时间域或频率域计算突变参数,并将突变参数与Ｂｕｒｇ谱及油气综合预测参数联合应用。实际应用例子表明,突变理论识别技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术

要简要介绍CFP(Common Focus Point)方法技术的基本原理和主要应用。CFP是复杂介质地震处理中的一项新技术，它把叠前偏移分成两个独立的步骤：首先对检波点(炮点)进行聚焦处理，产生共聚焦点道集(CFP道集)，然后再对炮点(检波点)进行聚焦，产生叠前偏移的输出。两个步骤中间的CFP道集则可以进行其它处理。如果是为了寻找构造信息，那么可以应用共焦点CFP偏移；如果是为了寻找岩石、孔隙或流体的信息，则要应用双焦点CFP偏移。目前，该技术主要应用于：(1)CFP两步聚焦法偏移；(2)叠前深度偏移速度模型的建立；(3)试图通过算于而不是速度来解决复杂地表的静校正；(4)消除全程或层间多次波；(5)CFP方法基准面的延拓和盐下成像；(6)多分量地震资料的偏移成像。     

矿山尾砂表生地球化学过程实验研究

在对石菉铜锡矿和河台金矿层砂矿物物相及化学组成研究基础上，利用自行设计的大口径淋滤柱开展了淋滤实验和静置浸泡(溶解)实验。研究结果表明，矿山层矿排放水不一定是酸性，它取决于矿床脉石矿物、赋矿的岩石及其次生蚀变矿物的酸缓冲能力。矿山排放水的组成是地表或地下水与矿山层砂中矿物和氢氧化物及非品态物质相互作用的结果，元素的赋存状态对其被淋滤的程度有很大影响。优先流能使重金属大量带出，因此要尽量防止优先流的形成。研究结果可为矿山综合整治和修复提供重要依据。