吉林省通化县迎门岔一带白垩系下统火山碎屑岩稀有稀土矿找矿前景浅析

通化县迎门岔一带1∶20万水系沉积物测量,圈定出“通通-84-HS-10”号异常,异常区内出露的岩性主要为白垩系下统林子头组灰绿色、紫色流纹质凝灰岩、角砾凝灰岩、流纹质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、灰紫色流纹岩、安山岩等火山碎屑岩。在1∶20万异常区内开展了1∶5万水系沉积物测量工作,圈出重点找矿前景区,并在该区内开展1∶1万土壤测量、高精磁测等工作,通过槽探工程验证,发现含铌钽矿化蚀变带,显示出该地区具有较好的稀有稀土矿找矿前景。     

青海东昆仑哈西哇金多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景

研究区内广布的富金元古宇地层是金矿集中区形成的基础,多期次的强烈岩浆活动为金矿集中区的形成提供了极为丰富的成矿流体和矿质来源,脆韧性剪切带为矿液流通和汇聚提供了有利空间。在区内的脆韧性剪切带中分布有Ⅰ矿带和Ⅱ矿带,带内发育硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、纤闪石化、高岭土化蚀变,金多金属矿化主要与硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、黄铁矿化关系密切。目前已提交金资源量约8.94t,银金属量约247.02t,铅金属量约6.45万t,锌金属量约5.23万t。综合分析该区地质矿化特征和控矿因素认为,研究区成矿条件优越,找矿潜力巨大,通过开展进一步勘查工作有望达到大型金多金属矿床规模。     

江南造山带(湖南段)金矿成矿规律与资源潜力

扬子地块—华夏地块经历武陵期—雪峰期增生造山-碰撞造山形成江南造山带,构成统一的华南板块,进入板内演化阶段。本文从构造-岩浆作用-沉积建造角度,结合地质年代学、古地磁、岩相古地理分析,加里东运动、印支运动属陆内作用,造就了加里东期、印支期两次主要的金矿成矿事件。湖南雪峰山—幕阜山(俗称“金腰带”)加里东期和印支晚期金矿床分区成带产出,构成一条复合型造山型金矿带。区域性构造导矿、次级构造交汇或叠加控矿明显;矿石普遍发育条带状构造,属韧性剪切递进变形的产物。通过对区域成矿背景、金矿成矿理论,金矿床(体)地质特征,结合同位素地球化学、地质找矿成果及深部验证情况等多方面研究表明该成矿带深部找矿潜力巨大,2000 m以浅金远景资源量有望达到3000 t。     

广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及潜力评价

为了对广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及其潜力进行评价,利用广西航磁勘查数据,采用Parker-Oldenburg法反演计算了居里面深度。在此基础上进行大地热流密度值和不同埋深地温计算,发现计算结果与现有测温资料吻合,合浦盆地内西场凹陷和常乐凹陷具有干热岩资源成生条件。结合合浦盆地内基础地质调查资料和油气钻孔资料,分析了合浦盆地干热岩资源的储层和盖层条件。初步圈出2个位于西场凹陷和常乐凹陷的干热岩勘查靶区C1和C2,面积分别为167.10和72.90 km²,干热岩资源量分别为182.48×10¹⁵、77.59×10¹⁵ J。按20%的采收率,合浦盆地干热岩资源量可开采量为52.01×10¹⁵ J,折合标准煤177.48×10⁴ t,占2018年广西全区能源生产总量3 756.69×10⁴ t标准煤的4.72%。在资源量评价基础上,可优先考虑位于合浦盆地西场凹陷的C1靶区开展进一步的勘探工作。     

Deposition and preservation of fluvio-tidal shallow-marine sandstones: A re-evaluation of the Neoproterozoic Jura Quartzite (western Scotland)

The 2 to 5 km thick, sandstone-dominated (>90%) Jura Quartzite is an extreme example of a mature Neoproterozoic sandstone, previously interpreted as a tide-influenced shelf deposit and herein re-interpreted within a fluvio-tidal deltaic depositional model. Three issues are addressed: (i) evidence for the re-interpretation from tidal shelf to tidal delta; (ii) reasons for vertical facies uniformity; and (iii) sand supply mechanisms to form thick tidal-shelf sandstones. The predominant facies (compound cross-bedded, coarse-grained sandstones) represents the lower parts of metres to tens of metres high, transverse fluvio-tidal bedforms with superimposed smaller bedforms. Ubiquitous erosional surfaces, some with granule–pebble lags, record erosion of the upper parts of those bedforms. There was selective preservation of the higher energy, topographically-lower, parts of channel-bar systems. Strongly asymmetrical, bimodal, palaeocurrents are interpreted as due to associated selective preservation of fluvially-enhanced ebb tidal currents. Finer-grained facies are scarce, due largely to suspended sediment bypass. They record deposition in lower-energy environments, including channel mouth bars, between and down depositional-dip of higher energy fluvio-ebb tidal bars. The lack of wave-formed sedimentary structures and low continuity of mudstone and sandstone interbeds, support deposition in a non-shelf setting. Hence, a sand-rich, fluvial–tidal, current-dominated, largely sub-tidal, delta setting is proposed. This new interpretation avoids the problem of transporting large amounts of coarse sand to a shelf. Facies uniformity and vertical stacking are likely due to sediment oversupply and bypass rather than balanced sediment supply and subsidence rates. However, facies evidence of relative sea level changes is difficult to recognise, which is attributed to: (i) the areally extensive and polygenetic nature of the preserved facies, and (ii) a large stored sediment buffer that dampened response to relative sea-level and/or sediment supply changes. Consideration of preservation bias towards high-energy deposits may be more generally relevant, especially to thick Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic marine sandstones.     

西藏多龙矿集区荣那铜金矿床蚀变矿物学和地球化学及找矿意义

位于西藏多龙矿集区的荣那铜金矿床是班公湖-怒江成矿带首例斑岩型-浅成低温热液型矿床,它的发现对于班公湖-怒江成矿带找矿模型的构建以及资源潜力评估有着重要意义。本文以荣那矿床ZK3204岩芯钻孔为研究对象,针对其蚀变矿物,运用短波红外光谱测试技术,并结合金属矿物组合以及黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素特征,以期查明其矿床成因,并为深部资源勘查提供理论依据。短波红外光谱测试显示出ZK3204钻孔蚀变矿物垂向分带组合为:高岭石+(地开石)→高岭石+伊利石→高岭石+(地开石+石膏)→高岭石+绢云母+伊利石→高岭石+伊利石+(叶腊石)+(地开石),金属矿物也从Cu-S体系逐渐转变为Cu-Fe-S体系。通过黄铁矿LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析发现,黄铁矿可分为四类,分别对应荣那矿床四个成矿阶段:(1) Py I:Co、Ni、Cu、Ag、Au含量较低,Co/Ni显示为沉积成因,代表成岩期黄铁矿;(2) PyⅡ:Co、Ni含量较低,Cu、Ag、Au含量较高,Co/Ni显示为沉积成因,代表第一期斑岩型矿床成矿期黄铁矿;(3) PyⅢ:Co含量较低,Ni、Cu、Ag、Au含量较高,Co/Ni显示为沉积成因,代表第二期斑岩型矿床成矿期黄铁矿;(4) PyⅣ:Cu、Ag、Au含量较低,Co、Ni含量较高,Co/Ni显示为热液成因,代表浅成低温热液矿床成矿期黄铁矿。风化作用也是荣那矿床重要地质过程,贯穿于各成矿阶段,反映为早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋盆向北俯冲消减大背景下的多龙矿集区隆升事件,导致矿床被大量剥蚀,也使黄铁矿显示沉积成因。荣那矿床目前仍有较大找矿潜力,在钻孔深部(815m以下),黄铁矿Cu、Ag、Au含量,钻孔中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg等含量,绢云母、伊利石含量以及铜金矿的矿石品位均有向下升高的趋势,说明在ZK3204钻孔下部仍有巨大的找矿潜力,可作为未来深部资源探测的重点对象。     

龙泉山断裂带断层最新活动年代及方式

龙泉山断裂带属龙门山前陆隆起,与青藏高原龙门山的隆升演化密切相关。为探讨龙泉山断裂带断层活动方式、期次及年代特征,在该断裂带不同部位采集了断层泥样品,通过扫描电镜(SEM)对样品中的石英颗粒进行了痕迹微形貌和溶蚀微形貌观察,通过电子自旋共振(ESR)测试了样品断层的最新活动年龄,并结合区域地震资料,进一步研究了龙泉山断裂带断层的发震潜力。结果表明: 龙泉山断裂带断层运动方式以黏滑为主,兼蠕滑; 具有多期次活动特征,强烈活动时间为早更新世—中更新世,晚更新世也有明显断层活动,全新世断层活动不明显; SEM 、ESR、热释光(TL)测得的断层最新活动年龄为(1 210±121)~(110±10.0) ka; 最新活动年代和活动性具有分段性,中段断层活动性较弱,北段和南段断层活动性较强。总之,龙泉山断裂带为1条活动性断裂带,具有一定的发震潜力,地震沿断裂带呈带状分布,但相比其西侧的龙门山断裂带,其活动性已大大降低。     

应用混合变量最小势能原理求解有一个悬空角点弹性矩形薄板的稳定

x将混合变量的最小势能原理推广到求解弹性矩形薄板的稳定问题中,求解了有一个悬空角点弹性矩形薄板的稳定问题,并给出了相应问题确定临界载荷的特征方程及计算结果,为工程中薄板的设计计算提供了有效的参考,尤其是对现代建筑和桥梁中的受压构件的稳定设计和计算提供了一个简捷有效的计算方法。通过文中计算表明,混合变量的最小势能原理适用于有一个悬空角点矩形板稳定问题的求解,从而验证了它用于薄板稳定问题的一般性和通用性。     

澜沧江中下游泥沙微表面电荷特性与磷吸附关系研究

河流泥沙是水生态系统生源要素的重要附着载体,其微形貌及电荷特性直接关系着泥沙对溶解态营养盐或污染物的吸附能力。本研究选取澜沧江中下游干流及主要支流为考察对象,采集28个河流水库断面的悬移质泥沙,采用原子力显微镜测定泥沙微表面电荷量,探究澜沧江泥沙的微表面电荷性质,研究纳米尺度下泥沙的微表面特性。研究结果表明:(1)微观界面,形貌对表面电荷分布影响明显,在纳米尺度下电势图与相位差图均展现出明显非均匀分布特征;(2)在流域分布上,不同区域表面电荷存在较大差异,流域沿程变化对泥沙表面电荷产生重要影响,总体变化呈现先减小后增大的趋势,表面电势值变化范围为-201.47～35.34 mV,表面电荷密度范围为0.07～3.65 mC/m²,不同区域电荷特性差别明显;(3)在梯级水电筑坝影响下,坝上坝下泥沙颗粒电势差与水库库容存在较好的线性相关关系,相关系数为0.8214,且坝下电势普遍高于坝上区域;(4)泥沙表面电势与磷吸附之间具有较强相关性,其相关系数为0.6657,同时表现出较好的线性拟合关系。研究结论对深入理解水电大坝建设对流域内污染物的迁移转化及解释泥沙的表面电性特征...     

Sedimentary and geochemical characterization of Middle–Late Miocene formations in the Neogene Tsugaru Basin,Japan by means of DTH27‐1 well sediment analysis

Middle–Late Miocene age siliceous formations outcropping along the northwestern side of Honshu Island are considered prospective source rocks for hydrocarbons. An analysis of geophysical, sedimentological, and geochemical properties is essential to evaluate the formations' source potential, and to understand the factors that determined the accumulation and preservation of organic matter. This study investigates the Middle–Late Miocene geological record of the Tsugaru back‐arc basin, located in the western part of Aomori prefecture, through an analysis of a 200 m long portion of a core from the DTH27‐1 well; this core is composed of the diatomaceous siltstones of the Akaishi Formation and the siliceous mudstones of the Odoji Formation. Sedimentological and geophysical characterization showed that the Akaishi Formation's diatomaceous siltstones are mostly massive and bioturbated, have low magnetic susceptibility, and demonstrate moderate natural radioactivity. Although the Odoji Formation's siliceous mudstones are massive, they have exceedingly low magnetic susceptibility and high natural radioactivity. Geochemical data from a Rock‐Eval Pyrolysis such as total organic carbon and generative potential (S1 + S2) revealed that, in the Tsugaru area, only the Odoji Formation is a likely prospective source rock for hydrocarbons. On the other hand, T_max values indicate that both the formations are thermally immature for generating hydrocarbons. The difference between the Akaishi and Odoji Formation in the sedimentological facies, in terms of the degree of bioturbation and the organic carbon content, indicates variations in lithological properties, such as porosity and grain size; moreover, this difference indicates a variation in the paleo‐oxygenation of bottom waters, with the transition from oxygen‐deficient conditions in the Middle Miocene to the more oxygenated conditions in the Late Miocene. Both the lithological and paleo‐environmental factors possibly influenced the organic richness in the two formations.