Effects of copper pollution on the activity of soil invertase and urease in loquat orchards

Dealt with in this paper is the relationship between Cu contents of soil and activity parameters for soil invertase and urease from the Changtai loquat orchards in Fujian Province. The soil invertase activity and maximum reaction velocity (enzyme kinetic parameters: Vmax and Vmax/Km) have no remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, but Cu concentrations have an obvious positive effect on invertase Kin, indicating a reversible com-petitive restraint on the reaction between Cu and invertase. The soil urease activity and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax,Vmax/Km) have a remarkable negative correlation with Cu concentrations, and in this aspect, they can be used as ecological indices of the soil polluted by Cu. A slightly variable Km indicates the non-reversible competitive restraint level.     

THE CORRESPONDING ANALYSIS OF HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION OF SOIL IN ZHUZHOU CITY

ＴＨＥ ＣＯＲＲＥＳＰＯＮＤＩＮＧ ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＯＦ ＨＥＡＶＹ－ＭＥＴＡＬ ＰＯＬＬＵＴＩＯＮ ＯＦ ＳＯＩＬ ＩＮ ＺＨＵＺＨＯＵ ＣＩＴＹ ＳｈａｎｇＪｉｎｃｈｅｎｇ（尚金城）；ＬｏｎｇＡｉｍｉｎ（龙爱民）ＬｉＢｉｎ（李斌）；ＪｉａｎｇＪ...     

论提高环境水文地质图件制图工艺

近年来，地图制图理论有了较快的发展，如何将信息传输和视觉感受等方面的研究成果运用于环境水文地质图的编制，是制图工作者和专业人员共同关注的一个重要问题。本文以编制城市环境水文地质图为例，就制图过程中的一些原则和方法作一探讨。     

山西101份天然矿泉水的细菌污染状况分析

本文对１９８７—１９９３年间，山西５０个矿泉水点１０１份饮用天然矿泉水细菌总数和总大肠菌群进行了检验，其中６４份合格，合格率为６３；３７％。表明山西饮用天然矿泉水源受微生物的污染较为严重，污染程度与水源出露形式和季节变化关系不明显，而主要与矿泉水出露环境的防护措施有密切关系。     

Trends of urban air pollution in Zhengzhou City in 1996–2008

Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world.Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies.This study,using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City,analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO 2,NO x /NO 2 and TSP/PM 10 in 1996-2008,based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator,and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index(MPI).It was found that the concentration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization(WHO) guideline value,but the changing trend varied:SO 2 and NO 2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number,while NO x,TSP and PM 10 decreased.The air pollution was serious,and differed markedly among the three functional regions:it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area(IRA),followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District(THBD),and then the High-tech,Cultural and Educational Area(HCEA).Different from NO 2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions,the change rate of PM 10 concentration differed spatially,decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions.For the whole city,the comprehensive air pollution level declined gradually,illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.     

一种用于突发性场地污染模拟的解析模型

为了及时有效地应对各种突发性环境污染事故,有必要开发一种简单实用、适于各类型污染物的场地污染数学模型。通过污染事故发生后污染物在包气带、饱和带迁移转化的概化,建立了污染物运移的自由入渗模型以及降雨入渗模型并给出各自相应的解析解。无降雨时,考虑污染物在重力作用下随包气带向下渗透的作用,建立一维垂直入渗模型。有降雨时,考虑污染场地(包气带)中污染物迁移和转化的对流作用、扩散作用及挥发、生物降解、吸附、根系吸收等作用,建立包气带剖面二维溶质运移模型和饱和带平面二维溶质运移数学模型。建模过程中,假定降雨量的平均分布及土壤质地、水力参数以及有机物成分、种类均相同,同时假定污染物与多孔介质间的作用为线性吸附,植物根系对污染物的吸附遵循一级动力学。基于模型的解析解,实现案例的模拟计算。模拟结果表明:该模型具有适用范围广、模拟高效快捷等优点,能够较准确预测污染发生后污染物在土壤中的动向、到达饱和带的时间以及饱和带中污染物的迁移情况。     

THE RESEARCH ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND FORMS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE XIANGJIANG RIVER SEDIMENTS

In this paper, the contents and various forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River have been investigated. The presentation of this paper focuses on the various forms and characteristics of the heavy metals in the column sediments at Xiawan Port of Zhuzhou, which has been severely polluted by a metallurgical plant.The forms of the heavy metals discussed in this paper are: The concentration of the exchangeable forms of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, in the forms of carbonates and Fe/ Mn oxide in water, the combination of Cu with organic matter and form, and the proportion of the residue form at each section have been studied.     

Groundwater contamination: risk management and assessment for landfills in Mar del Plata, Argentina

 This study presents a program for risk management in the contamination of groundwater resulting from leachate in landfills at Mar del Plata (Argentina). The program includes prediction, prevention, monitory observation and mitigation as actions that must be taken prior to, during, and after contamination occurs. This routine aids in the identification of weak points and failures of the program for those who are in charge of making decisions, and will allow better use of limited financial and technical resources based on planning, thus minimizing disconnected determinations. Results of the prediction stage were confirmed through monitoring. The presence of a plume of contamination more than 100 m from the landfill was shown, thus proving that implementation of a monitoring plan to follow the development of the contaminated plume must be implemented, particularly in populated areas which depend on residential wells for their water supply. Received: 8 May 2000 · Accepted: 14 August 2000     

Variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snows from 1940 to 1980

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn have been measured using improved ultraclean procedures in a succession of twenty six snow samples integrating a 40 yr time sequence from 1940 to 1980 which were collected from the walls of a 6 m deep pit at stake D 55 in Adelie Land, East Antarctica. Measured concentrations, which are among the lowest ones ever measured in Antarctic snows, are found not to have significantly increased during the investigated time period, with the possible exception of Pb for which there might have been a significant increase after the mid 1960's. For this last metal, measured concentrations in the 1940's are about 6-fold higher than in Antarctic Holocene ice several thousand years old, which indicates that a large fraction of the anthropogenic increase for Pb probably occurred before the 1940's.     

兰州市城区大气烟尘污染的变化与气象条件分析

利用1961-2001年有烟日观测资料，统计分析了41年中，兰州市城区大气受烟尘污染的变化。结果表明：1961～1984年污染日在119-201天问徘徊；1985-1988年是污染“严重期”，年平均污染日达224天；1996-2001年为显著“好转期”，年平均污染日66天。一年中主要污染段是1月和11、12月，污染日占全年的49％。在污染日，大气水平能见度具有明显的日变化，能见度最差，污染最严重的时间是11～14时。