ISENTROPIC TRAJECTORY ANALYSES OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN NORTHEAST ASIA-INFLUENCE ON CHINA FROM NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

The transport of air pollutants from several big cities in the north of China and theneighboring countries is researched by using the isentropic trajectory model. The trajectories arecalculated twice daily for the cities in January, April. July and October for the period of 1992-1994. The statistical method has been used to deal with trajectory dots at intervals of 30 min forthe forward and backward trajectories during 0-24 h and 24-48 h. The probability distributiondiagrams of trajectory show clearly the ensemble properties of isentropic trajectories for each cityand the dominant transport directions of pollutants. They possess notable seasonal variations. Theforward trajectory areas of the Ulaan Baatar in Mongolia can spread over North China. and thoseof the Chita in Russia can influence Northeast China except in summer. In July the forwardtrajectory of Pyongyang and Seoul can extend northward to the boundaries of China.     

Stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: An effective tool for determining persistent organic pollutants and nonylphenol in coastal waters in compliance with existing Directives

A multi-residual method based on stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS) has been developed to measure 49 organic pollutants (organochlorine pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and nonylphenol) in seawater. Using 100 ml of water, the method exhibited good linearity, with recoveries between 86% and 118% and relative standard deviation between 2% and 24% for almost all compounds. The method was applied to determine target contaminants in Catalonian seawater, including coastal areas, ports and desalination plant feed water. Overall individual compound levels oscillated between 0.16 and 597 ng l⁻¹; PAHs and nonylpenol were the compounds found at the highest concentrations. The method provided LODs between 0.011 and 2.5 ng l⁻¹, lower than the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) fixed by Directive 2008/105/EC. In compliance with the directive, this method can be used as a tool to survey target compounds and is aimed at protecting coastal ecosystems from chemical pollution.     

葫芦岛市空气质量分析及其与暴雨的关系

针对暴雨对空气质量的影响的问题,结合葫芦岛市环境监测中心站2010年市区空气质量逐日监测资料与葫芦岛市气象局气象观测资料,采用空气污染指数和空气质量指数法,分析了葫芦岛市空气质量时间分布特征及其与暴雨的关系。结果表明,在影响葫芦岛市空气质量的主要3种污染物——二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中PM10为首要污染物;3种污染物变化趋势基本一致,都是夏季污染最轻,冬季污染最重,春秋两季居中;暴雨与污染物浓度变化有着密切的关系,4次暴雨过程所在日3种污染物浓度都较低,且在强降水过后第一天污染物浓度继续降低。     

Anodic Oxidation as Green Alternative for Removing Diethyl Phthalate from Wastewater Using Pb/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2 Anodes

The electrochemical oxidation (EO) of diethyl phthalate (DEP) in aqueous solution was studied at Pb/PbO₂ and Ti/SnO₂ anode materials under galvanostatic‐experimental conditions. Results obtained clearly demonstrated that the anode plays a significant role for the optimization of the oxidation process, deciding the mechanisms and by‐products formed. DEP and by‐products of oxidation were also analyzed during various stages of the electrolysis reaction by HPLC and GC/MS techniques. Before the analysis by GC/MS technique, the samples were treated by solid phase microextraction (SPME) in order to concentrate the compounds from the reaction solution and identify all electrolysis intermediates. Current efficiencies (instantaneous current efficiency; ICE and total current efficiency; TCE) achieved during EO experiments were dependent on anode used and current density (20–40 mA cm^?2) at 40°C. The results obtained demonstrated that the environmental electrochemical methods can be a feasible alternative for the wastewater treatment containing hazardous phthalates.     

Occurrence of priority pollutants in WWTP effluents and Mediterranean coastal waters of Spain

A comprehensive study aimed at evaluating the occurrence, significance of concentrations and spatial distribution of priority pollutants (PPs) along the Comunidad Valenciana coastal waters (Spain) was carried out in order to fulfil the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Additionally, PP concentrations were also analysed in the effluent of 28 WWTPs distributed along the studied area. In coastal waters 36 organic pollutants of the 71 analysed, including 26 PPs were detected although many of them with low frequency of occurrence. Only 13 compounds, which belong to four different classes (VOCs, organochlorinated pesticides, phthalates and tributyltin compounds (TBT)) showed a frequency of occurrence above 20% in coastal waters. In the results obtained until now, octylphenol, pentachlorobenzene, DEHP and TBT exceeded the annual average concentration (EQS-AAC), and only TBT surpassed the maximum allowable concentration (EQS-MAC). The most frequent contaminants determined in coastal waters were also present in WWTP effluents.     

考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄数值模拟

自然水体中污染物的迁移、转化规律与经泥沙吸附后的沉降、再悬浮等泥沙过程密切相关,其机制尚不明确。采用污染物输运年龄对泥沙影响进行了量化分析,并应用于南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋海域。基于水体中泥沙-污染物模型,推导了考虑泥沙影响的污染物输运年龄的计算方程,通过数值模拟分析了污染物分配系数KD对污染物输运年龄空间分布的影响。研究成果表明:计入泥沙影响后,污染物浓度显著减小,污染物输运年龄随之增大,表明泥沙对污染物扩散起阻碍作用;污染物分配系数KD表征泥沙吸附能力,污染物输运年龄与其呈一定的正相关性,当该系数达到一定值(KD=10^3L/g)时,泥沙吸附能力趋于饱和,污染物输运年龄不再发生显著改变。     

菌根真菌对土壤中有机污染物的修复研究

菌根真菌是真菌与植物之间特殊的联合共生体，利用菌根真菌修复土壤，尤其是修复有机污染物污染的土壤，正成为一个崭新的研究方向。菌根真菌是土壤真菌的一种，但与土壤中放线菌和细菌等微生物相比，其对土壤中有机污染物具有更大的忍耐能力，并且能利用土壤中大多数持久性有机污染物作为碳源来获取能量。综述了近20年菌根真菌对土壤有机污染物降解研究，讨论了菌根真菌降解土壤有机污染物的可能机制，并探讨了从引入固氮菌、外源细菌两个方面对菌根调控以提高修复效果的可能性，为进一步研究菌根真菌生物降解土壤中持久性有机污染物、利用菌根植物修复有机污染土壤提供信息。     

基于粮食安全的村镇区域农用地质量综合评价系统设计及其应用

基于ArcGIS Obejects,设计并开发了基于粮食安全的村镇区域农用地质量综合评价系统,该系统能够对不同尺度的农用地进行评价,特别是村镇区域,充分考虑了污染物对农用地质量的影响,融合了多种指标获取、指标量化、权重确定、分值计算等技术,并能够对评价的成果进行专题图的制作,适用于不同目的的农用地质量评价。     

人工湿地研究现状与展望

自1950s开始系统性研究以来,人工湿地研究日趋深入,也得到了广泛的应用.本文基于文献报道,对人工湿地研究的历程特别是我国的研究进行了分析,分为起步探索、迅猛发展和规范应用三个阶段.梳理了人工湿地的研究现状,主要集中在如何提高脱氮除磷效率、对新兴污染物的去除、人工湿地根区微生物结构与功能以及人工湿地模型四个方面.核心还是提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效率并解释其机理.未来需要长期监测数据支撑的理论实践结合的设计规程;进一步揭示人工湿地的生物过程;建立合理简化的模型,对系统进行准确预测.     

厦门近岸定点降水的化学组成及来源分析——2006年7月14日热带风暴“碧利斯”影响厦门期间

随着工农业生产的快速发展,大量污染物通过各种途经进入大气层,而降雨的冲刷则是大气中污染物和其他营养物输入海洋的重要途经[1~8].因此研究台风降雨的化学特征对近海养殖、渔业、环境保护等具有特别重要的意义.