'In the shadow of hierarchy': meta-governance, policy reform and urban regeneration in the West Midlands

This paper explores the relationship between political hierarchy and the complex webs of political organization associated with urban governance. Deploying the concept of meta-governance and a study of urban policy reform in the West Midlands region of England, this paper claims that state and governmental hierarchies continue to have a crucial role in coordinating the activities of governance regimes in the UK. This paper concludes by considering the effects of hierarchical power on the systems of political participation and representation that are associated with urban governance.     

蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区金铜矿床时空分布特征及成矿作用

文章首次对蒙甘新相邻(北山)地区各类金、铜和铜—镍矿床(点)地质特征、成因类型和空间分布特点进行了系统总结，论证了金、铜和铜—镍成矿作用与古生代岩浆活动的关系，对区域地壳演化过程中金、铜和铜—镍成矿的动力学机制进行了深入讨论。研究结果表明，该区的金矿床(点)大体可划分为变质岩型、火山岩型、斑岩型和深成侵入岩型；铜矿床(点)有斑岩型、夕卡岩型和铜—镍硫化物型。金和铜矿床(点)大都沿古板块汇聚带分布，与海西期火成岩具密切的时空分布关系，它们是古板块对接碰撞期和碰撞期后大规模构造—岩浆活动的产物。     

北京市地质灾害状况及制定地质环境管理办法论证

论文从北京市自然地质背景和资源现状出发，根据目前资源开采中存在的地质环境问题、地质灾害程度以及地质环境发展趋势，论述了北京应尽快制定、颁布与实施地质环境管理办法的必要性、迫切性、可行性和相关依据。北京市主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面沉降等地质灾害以及矿山环境污染，而针对这些问题开展的监测预报工作还很少。纵观北京市社会、经济及资源的利用与发展，已逐步显现出地质灾害、矿山环境等地质环境问题对社会经济发展带来的诸多困扰。目前地质灾害及地质环境管理的现状都显示出本市地质环境监测与预报工作还很薄弱，相应的法律、法规建设也不健全。因此，制定地质环境管理办法已迫在眉睫，应使地质环境管理有法可依，改善目前地质环境，保证北京市社会经济可持续发展。     

层次分析法在太行山区地质灾害危险性分区中的应用

层次分析方法是一种定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法。是解决类似地质环境问题的这种目标结构复杂且又缺乏系统资料的研究问题的一条有效途径。地质灾害的发生与其所处的背景条件密切相关。当一种地质灾害具备了产生的内在条件并与适当的外在诱发条件相结合，即构成它产生的充分必要条件。否则，它具有一定的潜在危害性。论文采用层次分析法通过对河北省太行山地区地质灾害主要影响因素的分析，以滑坡、泥石流、崩塌、水土流失等为计算样本。计算出各地质灾害影响因素对计算样本的影响权重，并通过计算机进行网络剖分、因素叠加，计算出单位面积的单灾种评价指数和综合性评价指数，用以表征整个地区地质灾害的危险性。     

Contrast in Fluid M etallogeny between the Tianmashan Au-S Deposit and the Datuanshan Cu Deposit in Tongling, Anhui Province

A comprehensive contrast of ore-forming geological background and ore-forming fluid features, especially fluid ore-forming processes, has been performed between the Tianmashan and the Datuanshan ore deposits in Tongling, Anhui Province. The major reasons for the formation of the stratabound skarn Au-S ore deposit in Tianmashan and the stratabound skarn Cu ore deposit in Datuanshan are analyzed in accordance with this contrast. The magmatic pluton in Tianmashan is rich in Au and poor in Cu, but that in Datuanshan is rich in Cu and Au. The wallrock strata in Tianmashan contain Au-bearing pyrite layers with some organic substance but those in Datuanshan contain no such layers. Moreover, the ore-forming fluids in Tianmashan are dominantly magmatic ones at the oxide and sulfide stages, but those with high content of Cu in Datuanshan are mainly groundwater fluids. In addition, differences in compositional evolution and physicochemical condition variation of the ore-forming fluids result in gradual dispersion     

Efficiency of base isolation systems in structural seismic protection and energetic assessment

This paper concerns the seismic response of structures isolated at the base by means of High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB). The analysis is performed by using a stochastic approach, and a Gaussian zero mean filtered non‐stationary stochastic process is used in order to model the seismic acceleration acting at the base of the structure. More precisely, the generalized Kanai–Tajimi model is adopted to describe the non‐stationary amplitude and frequency characteristics of the seismic motion. The hysteretic differential Bouc–Wen model (BWM) is adopted in order to take into account the non‐linear constitutive behaviour both of the base isolation device and of the structure. Moreover, the stochastic linearization method in the time domain is adopted to estimate the statistical moments of the non‐linear system response in the state space. The non‐linear differential equation of the response covariance matrix is then solved by using an iterative procedure which updates the coefficients of the equivalent linear system at each step and searches for the solution of the response covariance matrix equation. After the system response variance is estimated, a sensitivity analysis is carried out. The final aim of the research is to assess the real capacity of base isolation devices in order to protect the structures from seismic actions, by avoiding a non‐linear response, with associated large plastic displacements and, therefore, by limiting related damage phenomena in structural and non‐structural elements. In order to attain this objective the stochastic response of a non‐linear n‐dof shear‐type base‐isolated building is analysed; the constitutive law both of the structure and of the base devices is described, as previously reported, by adopting the BWM and by using appropriate parameters for this model, able to suitably characterize an ordinary building and the base isolators considered in the study. The protection level offered to the structure by the base isolators is then assessed by evaluating the reduction both of the displacement response and the hysteretic dissipated energy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非活动大陆边缘的天然气水合物及其成藏过程述评

非活动陆缘是板块活动相对较弱的地区，也是水合物发育的有利地区。通过对世界各地非活动陆缘地区水合物富集情况的系统分析，发现断褶组合构造、底辟构造以及“麻坑”地貌（Pockmark)与水合物的关系密切。尽管模拟海底反射层（Bottom Simulating Reflector,简称BSR，下同）是最重要的水合物识别标志，但水合物与BSR之间并不存在严格的一一对应关系。非活动陆缘具有丰富的烃类物质来源和适宜的温压条件，而断裂－褶皱组合构造、垒堑式构造和底辟构造等则为烃类气体的运移、富集和成藏提供了有利的构造环境，便于最终形成水合物。非活动陆缘的深水区往往发育有多期叠合盆地，因其物源、温压、构造和沉积条件的内在关联性，常常形成深部石油、中部天然气、浅部水合物的“三位一体”烃类能源结构模式。     

松辽盆地形成与演化的深部作用过程--中生代火山岩探针

松辽盆地中生代火山作用从一个侧面揭示了松辽盆地形成与演化历史。松辽盆地中生代火山岩的岩石地球化学研究表明，中生代火山作用的深部过程表现为岩浆源区从逐渐上升到下降的过程。晚侏罗世到早白垩世早期为降温降压过程，表现为等温面逐渐升高，岩石圈伸展速度增大，岩浆源区变浅，盆地演化由断焰向坳陷转化。从早白垩世早期到晚白垩世，则为升温升压过程，等温面下降，岩石圈伸展速度变小，岩浆源区加深，盆地演化进入坳陷期。     

黑龙江省东部残留盆地群构造演化特征及其油气勘探意义

由牡丹江断裂、敦-密断裂、依-舒断裂和大和镇断裂所控制的中新生代盆地群是东北地区重要的合煤、含油气盆地。该盆地群的中新生代成盆过程以脆性伸展为主，发育断陷或裂陷层序，而坳陷层序(热沉降层序)不发育。古构造发育史、盆地沉降史和伸展史研究表明，研究区盆地群普遍经历了早期快速沉降(断陷期)-盆地衰减、抬升剥蚀-后期快速沉降-稳定衰减(或抬升剥蚀)。区内的成盆与构造演化过程分为涉及全区的中生代陆缘断陷期(J3-K1)、第一构造反转期(K2-E1)、新生代陆内裂陷期(E2-E3)和第二构造反转期(N)4个阶段，反映了两大盆地构造演化旋回。构造演化特征一方面为油气的多期成藏提供了盆地动力学条件，另一方面改造或破坏动、静态地质要素的时空分布及其匹配关系。