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《Marine Policy》2016
In a global context of promotion and expansion of blue growth initiatives, the development of activities such as aquaculture calls for the assessment of the potential impacts on biodiversity at different levels and associated services. This paper presents an assessment of the potential impact of the installation of seaweed farms on ecosystem services and the induced compensation costs. Biophysical and socioeconomic indicators have been developed for helping decision makers to select the most suitable locations. The approach considers a multi-criteria approach based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA). The former is used to obtain biophysical ecosystem services and socioeconomic indicators and the latter to evaluate the costs required to compensate the loss of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services. A case-study in the Normand-Breton (Saint Malo) Gulf, France, illustrates this method through the analysis of hypothetical locations of seaweed farms. Results highlight the differences between alternative locations regarding biophysical constraints (in terms of distance and depth), potential risks of conflicts with existing uses, impacts on habitats and the ecosystem services delivered, and compensation costs. This case-study illustrates the flexibility of this approach which can be further adapted to include other indicators in order to deliver integrated information to coastal planners. 相似文献
54.
Geoff Kelly 《Geoforum》2007,38(2):326-338
The development of renewable energy sources is of prime interest to many countries seeking to pursue greenhouse gas emission reduction obligations. The increased use of renewables offers the possibility of not only contributing to emission reduction, but at the same time improving energy supply diversity and security, and developing employment and business in related supply industries. Two main mechanisms are in common use, one a quota (quantity) instrument often associated with tradable certificates, and the other a prescribed pricing mechanism. This paper considers the renewable energy development strategies of three countries (the UK, Australia, and New Zealand) all using a variant of the quota/certificate approach as the central instrument in their programs. The regulatory frameworks defining the application of the certificate systems differ notably, and the likely differing outcomes suggest that these regulatory settings may be at least as important as the selection of the basic policy instrument, in determining the overall success of programs of this nature. 相似文献
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Tim Forsyth 《Geoforum》2005,36(4):429-439
Public-private partnerships in environmental policy should not simply be viewed in instrumental terms as means of providing environmental infrastructure and services, but also as sites where norms of environmental concern and political accountability are formulated and replicated. Deliberative public-private partnerships--or partnerships that allow greater public participation in the formulation of these norms--may therefore become an important new form of local environmental governance and help make partnerships more relevant to local environmental needs. This paper examines case studies of public-private partnerships in waste-to-energy projects in the Philippines and India to identify how principles of institutional design may enhance the deliberative nature of public-private partnerships in environmental policy. The paper argues that current approaches to deliberative, or cooperative environmental governance concerning public-private partnerships need to acknowledge insights from network theory concerning the communication of environmental and political norms before they can be successfully transferred to developing countries. 相似文献
57.
科学数据是国家重要战略资源,数据共享是这种资源有效开发利用的手段之一,也是当今科学研究范式向数据密集型转变的重要基础。现代信息技术与勘查方法的深度融合,使得地质勘查和地学研究领域被急速推向大数据时代,亟需从宏观层面上进行科学管理。欧美一些国家通过颁布政策方针及铺设数据基础设施等方式,推动着本国地质大数据管理的有效实施。文章对美、英、澳、加四国地质调查局的数据管理工作方面做了调查,从数据管理范围、数据政策、战略计划、重要数据库及主要数据工具等方面现状进行了介绍与分析,并对中国地质调查行业数据管理工作提出了一些建议:(1)数据管理政策应采用自顶向下设计,自底向上实施;(2)数据开放共享、融合交流是世界地调机构的发展趋势;(3)大力推进地质云建设,三位一体实现大数据治理;(4)促进数据共享基础设施建设,通过参与国际治理争取拿到更多的话语权。 相似文献
58.
Using GIS for analysis of urban systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Guoqing Du 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):213-221
It is recognized that the spatial organization of urban system can be abstracted as three main components: a set of points,
which describes the structural characteristics such as social and economic properties of individual city; a set of lines,
which indicates the patterns of interaction among the cities; a set of spheres, which indicates how and to which extent each
city affects the area around it. Even if such substance of urban system coincides with the main purpose of GIS for spatial
or geometric data types such as point, line and region, little attention has been given to this point. By an evidence analysis
of China, the application of potential analytical capabilities of GIS for urban system is attempted in this study. We find
GIS acts as an efficient tool not only for the spatial structure analysis of urban system, which including potential distribution
of cities, extraction of principal linkages among cities, and delimitation of subsystems; but also for the verification of
socio-economic attributes and dynamics of urban system.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
59.
通过对安徽省黄金资源现状的详细分析,提出了当前存在的主要问题及今后地质勘探方面应采取的对策。 相似文献
60.
Labour shortage was an integral feature of the communist system of economic management and one that seemed most unlikely to
persist in the face of systemic transformation. A casual examination of the unemployment rates that have emerged throughout
most of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) during the course of the past decade might suggest that this early assumption was
correct. However, within the region the aggregate rate of joblessness, as well as the behaviour of national output, mask the
fact that certain, major urban centres appear to have weathered well the storms caused by exposure to western markets and
stringent fiscal and monetary policies. In these centres transformation has meant, to a greater or lesser degree, industrial
modernisation and this begs the question of whether the human capital portfolios of the inherited labour force match up to
the requirements of the new environment. This paper examines the meaning of the concept of labour shortage and presents the
findings from a survey of employers in four leading cities of three major CEE economies designed to elicit if, and how, manpower
requirements are being met in the present climate. The results indicate that, somewhat paradoxically, labour shortage persists
in the more flexible markets of the post-communist era and that firms do not expect the situation to change radically in the
near future.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献