建立中国自由贸易区的政治地理学理论基础及模式选择

依据分级主权管理和政策空间分异理论分析中国分级主权管理和政策空间分异的现状,阐述中国建立自由贸易区的理论基础,提出中国建立自由贸易区的结构和区位模式,并分析论证天津自由贸易区和自由港城的规划与建设模式和路径。从理论层面,中国本来实施的就是分级主权管理政策,而事实上也存在分级主权管理的各类型特区,因此,无论是从理论上还是在实践上,建立"境内关外"型自由贸易区只不过是中国分级主权管理政策在经济领域内的新发展和新探索。中国贸易型自由经济区应包括保税区、边境贸易区、自由贸易区、自由港、自由市或自由城。应以"珠三角"、"长三角"和"环渤海地区"为重点,逐渐向边境口岸和内部节点地区扩展,分阶段有选择的建立自由贸易区,以促进区域经济中心和世界城市的形成与发展。环渤海区域选择天津保税港区为基础建立自由贸易区具有综合竞争优势。     

FWG1幂指数递减开发模型

本文提出了ＦＷＧ１幂指数递减开发模型,提出了开发速度,采出程度等开发指标的数学关系式。分析了参数对ＦＷＧ１幂指数递减开发模型的影响。当ｃ＾１／２ｔ＝１时,ＶＤ＝ｅ＾－１为不动点。提出了开发初期ＦＷＧ１幂指数递减开发模型的确定方法,便于开发初期决策。     

古河道型砂岩铀矿的主要地质特征及有关找矿工作的方针探讨

文章通过对俄罗斯、蒙古一些已知古道型铀矿床的调研,归纳了该类铀矿床空间定位的构造控制、铀源的近源性、潜水氧化成因、含矿层的单层位性等与勘查工作有关的地质特征,并在分析上述特征的基础上提出我国今后对古河道型砂岩铀矿勘查工作方面的对策和方针。     

Policy narratives, landholder engagement, and oil palm expansion on the Malaysian and Indonesian frontiers

Over recent decades a structural transformation has affected agriculture in the frontier areas of Malaysian Borneo and Outer Island Indonesia with the rapid conversion of agricultural lands, fallows, and formerly forested areas into oil palm. These frontiers have similar positions in the international political economy of oil palm and have complementary resource endowments. In both cases, state planners face the common challenges of finding a disciplined labour force, delivering land for estate development, maintaining local legitimacy, and dealing with local contestation. Yet there are significant differences in systems of governance and policy frameworks regarding land, shifting capacity of state actors to facilitate the transformation of these agrarian frontiers, and changing degrees of local, national and international contestation. Considering the generic and the specific elements at play in each case, this paper argues that analogous policy narratives have shaped the ways in which landholders have been engaged in the process of oil palm expansion in Malaysia and Indonesia. In both cases, with the shift from state-led to neoliberal governance approaches to agricultural development, the 'frontier' has been created and transformed through policy narratives that facilitate the conversion of whole landscapes into oil palm. This has been achieved by obscuring indigenous forms of agriculture and land tenure, while creating reserves of available 'state' or 'idle' customary land, and counterpoising smallholder 'marginality' and 'backwardness' to the modernity of contemporary estate agriculture.     

The high wire act: a comparison of British transatlantic foreign policies in the Second World War and the war in Iraq, 2001–2003

Drawing upon ideas from critical geopolitics, this paper compares the role that the British government plays within the contemporary transatlantic alliance with that played by Churchill's government during the Second World War. It argues that the Blair government's approach to foreign policy has parallels with Churchill's – that it should act as a bridge between the US and European governments. From this basis the paper reflects upon geopolitical change since 1945, re-evaluating the reasons for foreign policy failures during the Iraq War. Belying the assumption that these were caused by Blair's failures at diplomacy, it argues that failure was the result of an outdated geopolitical strategy.     

What's on top for geography teachers? National Certificate of Educational Achievement and the prioritization of professional development

Geography teachers' work is influenced by multiple education policy initiatives. Professional development opportunities emerge to support these policy changes and associated compliance issues. This paper reports the results of a survey in which geography teachers self‐reported their knowledge and prioritized professional development needs. The data indicate that some compliance issues associated with assessment policy reform have largely been resolved, while more substantive assessment and course design issues continue to be prioritized for professional development. However, professional development that continues to focus on assessment reform may marginalize geography teachers' engagement with concurrent curriculum and pedagogical policy initiatives.     

How soil conservation affects the catchment sediment budget – a comprehensive study in the north Ethiopian highlands

An overall approach to assess the effectiveness of soil conservation measures at catchment scale is the comparison of sediment budgets before and after implementation of a catchment management programme. In the May Zeg‐zeg catchment (187 ha) in Tigray, north Ethiopia, integrated catchment management has been implemented since 2004: stone bunds were built in the whole catchment, vegetation was allowed to re‐grow on steep slopes and other marginal land, stubble grazing abandoned, and check dams built in gullies. Land use and management were mapped and analysed for 2000 and 2006, whereby particular attention was given to the quantification of changes in soil loss due to the abandonment of stubble grazing. Sediment yield was also measured at the catchment's outlet. A combination of decreased soil loss (from 14·3 t ha^–1 y^–1 in 2000 to 9·0 t ha^–1 y^–1 in 2006) and increased sediment deposition (from 5·8 to 7·1 t ha^–1 y^–1) has led to strongly decreased sediment yield (from 8·5 to 1·9 t ha^–1 y^–1) and sediment delivery ratio (from 0·6 to 0·21). This diachronic comparison of sediment budgets revealed that integrated catchment management is most effective and efficient and is the advisable and desirable way to combat land degradation in Tigray and other tropical mountains. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于意愿价值评估法的禁牧政策生态补偿定量分析——以宁夏盐池县为例

禁牧政策作为生态补偿实践的重要内容,是解决中国广大牧区生态问题的战略性举措。合理的补偿标准是促进禁牧政策有效实施和持续推进的关键因素,因而受到学者广泛关注。本文以宁夏盐池县为例,应用Logistic回归模型分析城乡居民支付意愿及农户受偿意愿的影响因素,并采用意愿价值评估法(CVM)定量评估盐池县禁牧政策的补偿标准。结果表明:(1)农户的支付意愿与年总收入、羊只饲养规模正相关,与年龄、禁牧前后非农收入变化率、对禁牧政策的接受态度负相关;(2)县城居民的支付意愿与年龄负相关,与对环境的关注度正相关,与职业存在相关性;(3)农户的受偿意愿与人均粮食产量、羊只饲养规模正相关,与禁牧前后非农收入变化率负相关;(4)应用多重对应分析法得出影响农户支付水平和受偿水平的因素均为羊只饲养规模。结合CVM公式和Spike模型,对农户的支付、受偿标准及县城居民的支付标准进行定量评估。