FE-studies on the influence of initial void ratio,pressure level and mean grain diameter on shear localization

The paper is concerned with shear localization in the form of a spontaneous shear zone inside a granular material during a plane strain compression test. The influence of an initial void ratio, pressure and a mean grain diameter on the thickness of a shear zone is investigated. A plane strain compression test with dry sand is numerically modelled with a finite element method taking into account a polar hypoplastic constitutive relation which was laid down within a polar (Cosserat) continuum. The relation was obtained through an extension of a non-polar hypoplastic constitutive law according to Gudehus and Bauer by polar quantities: rotations, curvatures, couple stresses and a characteristic length. It can reproduce the essential features of granular bodies during shear localization. The material constants can be easily calibrated. The FE-calculations demonstrate an increase in the thickness of the shear zone with increasing initial void ratio, pressure level and mean grain diameter. Polar effects manifested by the appearance of grain rotations and couple stresses are only significant in the shear zone. A comparison between numerical calculations and experimental results shows a satisfying agreement. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

梅雨锋暴雨雨团运动场结构演变模拟分析

利用中尺度数值模式MM5对1998年7月29-30日发生于长江中下游的暴雨过程进行了模拟。对两个相邻雨团的运动场结构进行分析,揭示了梅雨锋暴雨雨团的相互作用对其运动场结构的影响。分析表明,由于新雨团的生成,原有邻近雨团上升气流结构由一种形式的不对称转为另一种形式的不对称。中尺度涡管不仅在垂直方向呈波状,在水平方向也随着雨团位置和降雨的强弱而波动。     

2003年江南干旱的成因分析

在对2003年夏季江南干旱进行客观评估的基础上,利用天气学方法对该年夏季江南干旱成因进行分析。结果表明,干旱同期北半球500hPa极涡偏于西半球,欧亚中高纬度大气环流呈两槽一脊型,东亚西风锋区位于40°N附近,西太平洋副热带高压长时间稳定控制江南地区。     

一次弱对流引发局地特大暴雨天气的诊断分析

对2003年8月28-29日宁陕特大暴雨过程诊断分析结果表明：特大暴雨发生在低层辐合、高层辐合,不利于强对流发展的弱对流环境中。低层850～700hPa低涡倒槽为特大暴雨提供了辐合上升运动和充沛的水汽条件。850hPa几股来自不同方向、性质不同的气流相汇在宁陕上空,强水汽辐合是特大暴雨形成的主要原因。     

同步辐射加速器X荧光分析技术在极地环境研究中的应用

本文简要介绍了同步辐射器X荧光(SRXRF)技术的分析原理和特点。概述了该技术在极地环境研究中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

升力面方法预报全方向推进器的非定常水动力性能

本文研究了全方向推进器非定常水动力性能的升力面预报方法,基于势流理论和格林定理建立了全方向推进器非定常水动力性能计算的数学模型,然后利用非定常涡格法对全方向推进器的非定常水动力性能进行了数值预报。本文的计算结果和日本水池模型试验结果、升力线方法计算结果对比表明,本文的计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

海河流域“16·7”大暴雨洪水成因初步分析

采用气象资料对海河流域2016年7月18~20日大暴雨进行成因分析,并与历史上"63.8"及"96.8"两次大暴雨对比分析,结果表明:西南涡东移北上,与中纬度高空槽结合并加深,低空急流带来源源不断的水汽,加之地形的有利条件,造成了此次大暴雨。从历史上海河流域大暴雨成因看,主要是由西南涡东移北上及台风北上倒槽系统影响,且移动路径均沿太行山呈西南-东北走向,本次暴雨依然遵循这一规律,整体移动路径介于"63.8"与"96.8"之间。     

New Solution for the Earth’s Free Wobble and Its Geophysical Implications

In this paper, the theory of the free wobble of the triaxial Earth is developed and new conclusions are drawn: the Euler period should be actually expressed by the first kind of complete elliptic integral; the trace of the free polar motion is elliptic and the orientations of its semi-minor and major axes are approximately parallel to the Earth’s principal axes A and B, respectively. In addition, the present theory shows that there is a mechanism of frequency-amplitude modulation in the Chandler wobble, whi...     

Atmospheric excitation of polar motion

The polar motion excited by the fluctuation of global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) is investigated. Based on the global AAM data, numerical results demonstrate that the fluctuation of AAM can excite the seasonal wobbles (e.g., the 18-month wobble) and the Chandler wobble, which agree well with previous studies. In addition, by filtering the dominant low frequency components, some distinct polar wobbles corresponding to some great diurnal and semi-diurnal atmospheric tides are found.     

极区夏季中层顶尘埃分层的锐边界结构研究

火箭探空实验观测结果显示,极区夏季中层顶尘埃等离子体分层中存在着稳定的锐边界结构。本文采用了流体力学方程组和尘埃粒子自洽电荷变化模型,从尘埃等离子体电动力学的角度出发,利用数值模拟研究了尘埃分层结构中尖锐边界形成的物理过程。物理分析和数值模拟结果表明,中层顶区域存在的带电冰晶粒子在等离子体及电磁力等相互作用下,很容易形成一种在时间和空间上存在长时间,稳定的局域结构,这个结构可以用来解释我们观测到的一些实验现象。