接地电阻测量中应注意的几个问题

参照国家有关规范和标准的要求，对接地装置、接地电阻及其测量原理进行分析和总结，指出4102型和摇表式接地电阻仪测量接地电阻时电极的布置方法对测量结果的影响。     

空气动力学阻抗的测量研究

利用涡旋相关方法和蒸发皿方法分别测量了裸地和玉米田的空气动力学阻抗, 分析了空气动力学阻抗的日变化特征, 同时对两种测量方法进行了比较。结果表明:实测空气动力学阻抗的日变化比较明显, 但变化幅度不大 (0~200 s/m)。两种方法得到的空气动力学阻抗具有可比性, 但蒸发皿方法测量的空气动力学阻抗普遍小于涡旋相关方法的测量值。     

Occurrence and Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Along the Tietê River Downstream of São Paulo in Brazil

The load of pathogenic bacteria, their fate and their dangerousness in the Tietê River were assessed along 100 km starting from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were compared with those from two German rivers. High loads of pathogens were found in the Tietê River near the city of São Paulo (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii), which were absent 30 km downstream of São Paulo. The antibiotic resistances observed in the Tietê river were rather low and decreased after the major input in São Paulo to significantly lower levels about 30 km downstream. While the Brazilian isolates were more susceptible for ampicillin than the German ones, the reverse was observed for gentamycin. For optimal control of infections in humans critical areas where these bacteria survived longer and their elimination mechanisms should be identified as well as the extent and the origin of antibiotic resistance should be determined.     

Impedance characteristics of carbon steel under cathodic protection

INTRODUCTIONInpraCticalengineeringapplicati0ns,thecormsionofstalundercathodicprotalioncanbecontr0llediftheproodi0np0tenhalisset2O()t03(X)mVnegativewithaspeCttothenatamlcormsi0np0tenial(MasatSugi,l976,Takehiko,l972).Theprotalnp0tentia1edinpraedcalapplicationisbedonexperienceandtheory.Tooru(l985,l986)foundthattheopbocathodicproodionpotentialcoinddedwiththepotentialwhenpolarhati0nresistancemaxndnd,s0thiscoinedencecanbeedt00btainoptbore-sultforcarbonstalundercathodicpronaion.Inthiswork,the…     

At‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations, 1: theoretical development

This paper, the first of two, hypothesizes that: (1) the temporal variation of stream power of a river channel at a given station with varying discharge is accomplished by the temporal variation in channel form (flow depth and channel width) and hydraulic variables, including energy slope, flow velocity and friction; (2) the change in stream power is distributed among the changes in flow depth, channel width, flow velocity, slope, and friction, depending on the boundary conditions that the channels has to satisfy. The second hypothesis is a result of the principle of maximum entropy and the theory of minimum energy dissipation or its simplified minimum stream power. These two hypotheses lead to families of at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry relations. The conditions under which these families of relations can occur in the field are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling flow resistance in vegetated streams: review and development of new theory

Aquatic macrophytes are often the dominant factor influencing flow conditions within the channels they occupy. Existing knowledge of how stream plants affect the flow is outlined, and the different scales at which vegetation resistance operates are proposed. Resistance is shown to be a function of the size of the plants, their structural properties, location in the channel, and the local flow conditions. Current models to calculate this composite resistance effect are assessed in the light of theoretical considerations of the nature of vegetation resistance. New theory is also presented, which demonstrates the non‐linear relationship between channel resistance and the proportion of the channel occupied by vegetation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Experimental Study on A Trapezoidal Pendulum Wave Energy Converter in Regular Waves

Experimental studies were conducted on a trapezoidal pendulum wave energy converter in regular waves. To obtain the incident wave height, the analytical method (AM) was used to separate the incident and reflected waves propagating in a wave flume by analysing wave records measured at two locations. The response amplitude operator (RAO), primary conversion efficiency and the total conversion efficiency of the wave energy converter were studied; furthermore, the power take-off damping coefficients corresponding to the load resistances in the experiment were also obtained. The findings demonstrate that the natural period for a pendulum wave energy converter is relatively large. A lower load resistance gives rise to a larger damping coefficient. The model shows relatively higher wave energy conversion efficiency in the range of 1.0?1.2 s for the incident wave period. The maximum primary conversion efficiency achieved was 55.5%, and the maximum overall conversion efficiency was 39.4%.     

多角辐散地极技术在高电阻率地区的应用

在高电阻率地区,建造符合要求且经济实用的地网一直是防雷工程施工的难点。因为组成地网的接地极的形状关系到材料利用效率和施工难易程度。提出了"多角辐散地极"的概念,设计制作了多角辐散地极,并选择了3个不同的地域环境,对这一设计技术进行了试验。通过与普通地网的比较,证明了在高阻率地区多角辐散地极组成的地网优于普通地网。通过对不同安装距离,不同降阻剂投放量的比较,确定了多角辐散地极的最佳安装方法,并根据试验测量的数据计算出并联系数,得出工程量的估算方法。     

我国抗震防灾研究的发展及其作用

我国是一个地震灾害严重的国家之一。为抵御地震对人民生命财产和国家经济的破坏,使得抗震防灾研究显得尤为必要。本文主要从工程角度,简要介绍了我国抗震防灾研究的历史、现状、前沿问题及未来发展,并且阐述了抗震防灾研究在我国社会主义经济建设中的重要性。     

Influences of overburden pressure and soil dilation on soil nail pull-out resistance

Soil nailing is the most popular technique for stabilizing newly formed and existing sub-standard slopes in Hong Kong because of its economic and technical advantages. The nail–soil interface shear resistance is an important parameter in design of soil nailed structures. A three-dimensional finite element model was established and used for simulating soil nail pull-out tests. The finite element model was verified by comparing simulated results with measured data. The agreement between the experimental and simulated results in terms of both average pull-out shear stress and stress variation was very good. Using this finite element model, a parametric study was carried out to study the influences of the overburden pressure and soil dilation angle on the soil nail pull-out resistance. The simulated peak pull-out resistance was not directly related to the overburden pressure, which was coincident with the observations in laboratory pull-out tests. The simulated pull-out resistance increased significantly with the increase in dilation angle of the shearing zone. This analysis indicated that the constrained dilatancy of the nail–soil interface and the soil surrounding the nail contributed a lot to the development of peak pull-out resistance.