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41.
北半球环流季节演变机制 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
提出了北半球大气环流季节变化的一种反馈机制:外界(太阳、海洋、陆地等)的热力强迫加热大气,形成波状低云;而波状低云又使高中纬大气冷却,进而影响高纬冷气团冬夏变化。根据波状低云影响高纬冷气团变化这一负反馈过程,对1958-1993年进行夏季旱涝预报试验,结果每年中国东部的主雨带基本可正确预测出来。 相似文献
42.
随着微创手术的发展,虚拟手术的应用前景越来越广阔.力反馈作为虚拟手术的核心技术,其实现的效果直接影响了虚拟手术的沉浸感.通过对经典包围盒碰撞检测算法进行研究比对,选择了球包围盒的碰撞检测算法,并建立了精确的反馈力计算模型,实现了介入血管中的柔性碰撞仿真.该仿真具有很高的实时性和精度. 相似文献
43.
Amplitude—Phase Characteristics of the Annual Cycle of Surface Air Temperature in the Northern Hemisphere 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The amplitude-phase characteristics(APC)of surface air temperature(SAT)annual cycle(AC)in the Northern Hemisphere are analyzed.From meteorological observations for the 20th century and meteorological reanalyses for its second half,it is found that over land negative correlation of SAT ACamplitude with annual mean SAT dominates.Nevertheless,some exceptions exist.The positive correlationbetween these two variables is found over the two desert regions:in northern Africa and in Central America.Areas of positive correlations are also found for the northern Pacific and for the tropical Indian and PacificOceans.Southward of the characteristic annual mean snow-ice boundary (SIB) position,the shape ofthe SAT AC becomes more sinusoidal under climate warming.In contrast,northward of it,this shapebecomes less sinusoidal.The latter iS also found for the above-mentioned two desert regions.In theFar East(southward of about 50°N),the SAT AC shifts as a whole:here its spring and autumn phasesoccur earlier if the annual 相似文献
44.
45.
Mechanisms for the spatio-temporal development of the Tropical Pacific Meridional Mode(TPMM) are investigated using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and observations.In both observations and the model,this meridional mode displays decadal variations and is most pronounced in spring and early summer.The model simulation suggests that once SST anomalies in the subtropical northeastern Pacific are initiated,say by northeasterly trade wind variability,perturbations evolve into a merdional dipole in 2-3 months.A... 相似文献
46.
By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there. 相似文献
47.
Temporal structures of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its impact on the regional climate variability 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this study, the temporal structure of the variation of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and its impact on regional climate variability are analyzed using various datasets. The results show that blocking formations in the Atlantic region are sensitive to the phase of the NAO. Sixty-seven percent more winter blocking days are observed during the negative phase compared to the positive phase of the NAO. The average length of blocking during the negative phase is about 11 days, which is nearly twice as long as the 6-day length observed during the positive phase of the NAO. The NAO-related differences in blocking frequency and persistence are associated with changes in the distribution of the surface air temperature anomaly, which, to a large extent, is determined by the phase of the NAO. The distribution of regional cloud amount is also sensitive to the phase of the NAO. For the negative phase, the cloud amounts are significant, positive anomalies in the convective zone in the Tropics and much less cloudiness in the mid latitudes. But for the positive phase of the NAO, the cloud amount is much higher in the mid-latitude storm track region. In the whole Atlantic region, the cloud amount shows a decrease with the increase of surface air temperature. These results suggest that there may be a negative feedback between the cloud amount and the surface air t.emperature in the Atlantic region. 相似文献
48.
A. A. M. Holtslag G. J. Steeneveld B. J. H. van de Wiel 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,125(2):361-376
At present a variety of boundary-layer schemes is in use in numerical models and often a large variation of model results
is found. This is clear from model intercomparisons, such as organized within the GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS).
In this paper we analyze how the specification of the land-surface temperature affects the results of a boundary-layer scheme,
in particular for stable conditions. As such we use a well established column model of the boundary layer and we vary relevant
parameters in the turbulence scheme for stable conditions. By doing so, we can reproduce the outcome for a variety of boundary-layer
models. This is illustrated with the original set-up of the second GABLS intercomparison study using prescribed geostrophic
winds and land-surface temperatures as inspired by (but not identical to) observations of CASES-99 for a period of more than
two diurnal cycles. The model runs are repeated using a surface temperature that is calculated with a simple land-surface
scheme. In the latter case, it is found that the range of model results in stable conditions is reduced for the sensible heat
fluxes, and the profiles of potential temperature and wind speed. However, in the latter case the modelled surface temperatures
are rather different than with the original set-up, which also impacts on near-surface air temperature and wind speed. As
such it appears that the model results in stable conditions are strongly influenced by non-linear feedbacks in which the magnitude
of the geostrophic wind speed and the related land-surface temperature play an important role. 相似文献
49.
AbstractSatellite observations revealed that there is a close relationship between perturbations of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind stress (τ) induced by tropical instability waves (TIWs; SSTTIW and τ TIW). Using the empirical relationship observed between TIW-induced wind stress divergence (curl) and downwind (crosswind) SST gradients, this study establishes a TIW-induced wind stress field perturbation model τ TIW?=?F(SST). This empirical model solves τ TIW from the TIW-induced wind stress divergence and curl, which are estimated from the downwind and crosswind SST gradients. This empirical τ TIW?=?F(SST) model can be incorporated into the ocean model to take into account the effect of τ TIW. By comparing two experiments with and without the τ TIW effect, this study demonstrates that τ TIW has a substantial effect on the equatorial Pacific heat budget and induces the long-term mean SST to exhibit a 0.2°C difference, which is consistent with previous studies. 相似文献
50.
Tong ZHU Da-Lin ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2006,23(1):14-22
The effects of storm-induced sea surface temperature (SST) cooling on hurricane intensity are investigated using a 5-day cloud-resolving simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Two sensitivity simulations are performed in which the storm-induced cooling is either ignored or shifted close to the modeled storm track. Results show marked sensitivity of the model-simulated storm intensity to the magnitude and relative position with respect to the hurricane track. It is shown that incorporation of the storm-induced cooling, with an average value of 1.3℃, causes a 25-hPa weakening of the hurricane, which is about 20 hPa per 1℃ change in SST. Shifting the SST cooling close to the storm track generates the weakest storm, accounting for about 47% reduction in the storm intensity. It is found that the storm intensity changes are well correlated with the air-sea temperature difference. The results have important implications for the use of coupled hurricane-ocean models for numerical prediction of tropical cyclones. 相似文献