A unified formulation of the piecewise exact method for inelastic seismic demand analysis including the P‐delta effect

The non‐linear analysis of single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems provides the essential background information for both strength‐based design and displacement‐based evaluation/design methodologies through the development of the inelastic response spectra. The recursive solution procedure called the piecewise exact method, which is efficiently used for the response analysis of linear SDOF systems, is re‐formulated in this paper in a unified format to analyse the non‐linear SDOF systems with multi‐linear hysteresis models. The unified formulation is also capable of handling the P‐delta effect, which generally involves the negative post‐yield stiffness of the hysteresis loops. The attractiveness of the method lies in the fact that it provides the exact solution when the loading time history is composed of piecewise linear segments, a condition that is perfectly satisfied for the earthquake excitation. Based on simple recursive relationships given for positive, negative and zero effective stiffnesses, the unified form of the piecewise exact method proves to be an extremely powerful and probably the best tool for the SDOF inelastic time‐history and response spectrum analysis including the P‐delta effect. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate the implementation of the method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Testing a statistical curve‐fitting procedure for quantifying sediment populations within multi‐modal particle‐size distributions

This paper describes a series of tests designed to evaluate the capacity of a personal computer (PC) based statistical curve‐fitting program called MIX to quantify composite populations within multi‐modal particle‐size distributions. Three natural soil samples were analysed by a Coulter Multisizer, and their particle‐size distributions analysed using MIX software to identify the modes, standard deviations and proportions of their composite populations. The particle‐size distributions of the three natural soil samples were then numerically combined in equal proportions using a spreadsheet program to create synthetic particle‐size distributions of known populations. MIX was then tested on the synthetic particle‐size distributions to see if the modes and proportions it identified were similar to those modes and proportions known to characterize the synthetic particle‐size distributions. The main outcome is that MIX can very accurately describe the modal particle size and proportions of the major composite populations within a particle‐size distribution. However MIX has difficulty in identifying small populations (those contributing <10 per cent of a total particle‐size distribution), particularly when they are located in the central sections of particle‐size distributions, overlain by larger populations, or when positioned in the fine tails of distributions. Despite these minor shortcomings, MIX is a valuable tool for the examination and interpretation of particle‐size data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震序列较强余震最小二乘拟合预测的方法研究

本研究给出了针对地震序列较强余震发生时间进行快速预测的一种方法,即最小二乘拟合预测方法.该方法包括:最小二乘拟合预测模型的建立、预测模型的各种可信性检验及模型预测等内容.震例研究表明,该方法在大(强)地震现场震情分析中可望发挥积极作用.     

相对湿度和PM2.5浓度对大气能见度的影响研究:基于小时资料的多站对比分析

为了全面分析浙江省不同区域能见度变化基本特征及影响机理,基于杭州、宁波、温州3个国家基本气象站2013-2014年逐时能见度观测资料,比较分析了3市能见度变化的基本特征。发现3市不同等级能见度出现频率基本一致,随着能见度等级的提高,出现频率逐渐降低;从能见度的日变化来看,07时（北京时）前后最低,之后缓慢上升,14-15时达到最高,随后逐渐下降;全年有两个能见度较低时段,分别出现在12月-次年2月和5-6月;总体而言,宁波能见度最优,杭州和温州大体相当。功率谱分析结果表明,3市能见度均有显著的日周期,高频波段呈现出多个显著谱峰,低频波段存在若干显著谱峰。进一步开展机理分析,发现相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度是调制大气能见度的关键因子,相对湿度增大、PM_2.5浓度升高导致能见度降低。在同一相对湿度等级下,初始阶段能见度随PM_2.5浓度的升高迅速降低,到达“拐点”之后降低速率趋于缓慢。在同一PM_2.5浓度水平下,相对湿度越大,能见度越低,说明水汽对能见度也有重要影响。基于相对湿度和PM_2.5浓度两个因子,采用非线性拟合方案构建了大气能见度定量统计模型,总体而言模型拟合效果较好。最后针对研究中存在的不足和未来值得进一步发掘的科学问题进行了讨论。     

2010—2018年辽宁省雷电流幅值特征分析

基于辽宁省2010—2018年闪电定位(ADTD)资料,运用统计学方法分析了雷电流幅值时间变化特征;运用规程计算公式和IEEE推荐公式分别计算了雷电流幅值累积概率密度,并和实际地闪雷电流幅值累积概率密度曲线做了对比分析;运用最小二乘法拟合了IEEE推荐公式.结果表明:2010—2018年辽宁省地闪以负闪为主,占比高达8...     

不同数据预处理方法对北斗卫星精密定轨精度的影响

提出综合利用高次差法和多项式拟合法对COMPASS MEO卫星进行周跳探测的原理及实现方法,并采用COMPASS监测站实测数据使用不同的数据预处理策略对COMPASS MEO卫星进行精密定轨试验。结果表明,根据实测数据情况,合理选择周跳探测方法和预处理策略,可以改善定轨精度。     

山东数字地震台网定位子台网 选取对定位结果的影响

选取山东及邻区4个不同区域的地震,分析“定位子台网”分布对地震定位精度的影响,研究“定位子台网”的选取规则.探讨两种台站分布情况下定位偏差、水平误差、拟合残差随空隙角、近台距离、远台距离的变化;定位偏差及水平误差与拟合残差的关系.结果显示,速报时选择4-9个分布相对合理的“定位子台网”参加定位,结果较好,使用水平误差估...     

EC细网格对黔南州温度预报的订正研究

该文采用EC细网格2 m温度预报场及国家站实况资料,通过滑动平均法、双权重滑动平均法、多项式拟合法以及最佳系数法对EC细网格2 m温度在黔南州的预报进行订正分析,结果显示：4种方法订正后最高气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了12.70%～17.84%,最低气温7 d平均准确率分别提升了1.14%～2.86%。对于高温预报,最佳系数法订正效果最优,其次是多项式拟合法,对于最低气温,前3 d采用滑动平均法订正效果最明显,第4 d开始则采用最佳系数法订正,订正效果更明显。4种订正方法均在7—9月效果最明显。黔南州西部及中部地区多项式拟合法订正效果更好,州东南部地区最佳系数法与滑动平均法订正效果更好,但在120 h时效后滑动平均法的订正效果明显下降,州北部地区最佳系数法订正效果更为明显。     

QOCA和GLOBK软件处理高精度GNSS网结果对比分析

分别利用GLOBK和QOCA软件对陆态网络260个基准站的GNSS观测数据进行处理,获得站点在ITRF2008框架下的坐标和速度。通过比较分析两个软件的解算结果,证明了QOCA 软件能更好地处理测站位移的非线性变化,并通过拟合周年、半年项、剔除共模误差等手段提高解算精度。结果表明,相比于GLOBK软件,QOCA软件得到的拟合残差序列的RMS在E、N、U 3个方向上分别减小70%、80%和70%。     

基于加权约束的单体建筑物点云表面重建算法

建筑物点云表面重建在高精度城市测绘、虚拟现实等领域有十分广泛的应用前景。由于建筑物的几何形态多变,重建算法普遍存在计算速率慢、拟合精度低和模型结构不完整的问题。为此,本文以单体建筑物为研究对象,提出基于加权约束的单体建筑物点云表面重建算法,在表面初始化过程中充分考虑数据对结构拟合的贡献。在此基础上,构建基于正则集的单体建筑物表面重建算法,实现建筑物拟合过程中的加权拟合误差、近邻结构平滑的同步优化。针对多类建筑物三维点云的实验结果表明,相比传统的建筑物重建策略,本文的加权约束方法可根据不同类型的点云数据设计自适应权重,并选择模型拟合中最优的权重函数,在高噪声、低精度点云数据下能得到更高精度的单体建筑物表面模型。