金属矿地震勘探物理模拟实验技术

在金属矿地震勘探的物理模拟中,实验技术研究是得到可靠实验结果的重要保证.通过控制环氧基混合材料混合比的实验,形成1 600～3 200m/s的速度差异,实现了对复杂岩性的模拟.在对山地模型的采集中,采用触点控制方式实现了高程测量和数据采集同步进行.采用页面模型模拟技术,实现了对复杂模型地震波总场信号的分解和归位.     

白云石有序度对湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层物性的控制作用:以柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统为例

对英西地区渐新统湖相混积碳酸盐岩储集层的物性特征及主控因素进行了分析。系统地开展了岩石矿物学特征、物性分析、孔隙结构、白云石有序度测试、无序白云石成因机理及其对储层物性的影响研究,提出英西地区渐新统储集层主要为"低孔-特低渗"型储层,其孔隙发育程度主要受控于岩石中的白云石含量,其中白云石有序度对岩石物性具有重要的控制作用。研究结果表明:(1)测井孔隙度与岩石中的白云石含量呈明显正相关关系,而与泥质含量呈负相关关系;(2)理想模式下,当岩石中白云石含量为100%时,有序白云石的分子结构决定了其孔隙度应为13%,研究区氦气法实测孔隙度与白云石含量相关关系投点图中的数据点大多分布在该理想模式线附近;(3)理想模式线上方的样品,其晶间孔多被扩大改造,有的被碎屑颗粒支撑扩大,有的被微弱溶蚀扩大,理想模式线下方的样品,其晶间孔多被黄铁矿或其他物质半充填而变小;(4)少数岩石样品的白云石含量较高但其孔隙度值较小,主要为有序度较低的白云石或者无序白云石,在白云石含量相同的条件下,有序度越高,其孔隙越发育。     

综合物探在新疆1∶50000矿产普查中的应用

为了在新疆1∶50000矿产普查中研究成矿地质条件圈定成矿远景区域,在普查过程中通过重、磁、电等多种物探手段的综合应用,来探测深部和隐伏矿,效果明显。通过采集标本对其工作区的物性特征加以归纳分析,指导物探方法(重、磁、激电)的运用,为后续开展物探工作提供借鉴。首先在工作区利用重力和航磁资料,查明勘探区内地质构造特征及岩体分布规律,得到重、磁高值异常区多与岩体、岩体接触带及断裂带有关,而该区域的成矿与接触带或断裂构造密切相关,在接触带及断裂构造带上有利于硫化物发育,再利用大功率激发极化法的低阻高极化特征圈定含硫化物的有利区域,最后优选重、磁、电综合物探异常特征明显、成矿部位有利地段,并结合地质、化探异常特征对工作区定性的综合评价,指导寻找含硫化物的岩(矿)体,最终圈定找矿靶区一处,为矿产普查工作提供基础资料和找矿依据。     

A framework for a critical physical geography of ‘sacrifice zones’: Physical landscapes and discursive spaces of frac sand mining in western Wisconsin

The term sacrifice zone has been applied within activism, journalism, and scholarship to a wide range of polluted and degraded areas, including places playing host to relatively new extractive activities. This article proposes a conceptual framework for analyzing the phenomenon of the sacrifice zone within the emerging research paradigm of critical physical geography, using the illustrative case of frac sand mining in western Wisconsin, USA. In this case, we find that the meanings of sacrifice and the sacrifice zone vary along two major dimensions—the object of sacrifice and the initiator of sacrifice—and we propose that future research should attend to relationships between these dimensions and the efficacy of the framing for influencing future landscape change. We also argue that analyses in critical physical geography require investigating how in controversial situations some physical geographic (and human geographic) explanations and accounts stabilize as “matters of fact” and others emerge as disputed “matters of concern.” The latter, we contend, generate the conditions that lend themselves to the “sacrifice zone” frame. We suggest that this distinction both complicates and enriches efforts to integrate social and biophysical explanations.     

阜康凹陷东部斜坡带二叠系储层特征及控制因素

运用岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、物性测试、压汞分析等实验方法,以阜康凹陷东部斜坡带二叠系梧桐沟组储集层为研究对象,探讨其储层特征及控制因素,并对储层进行分类评价。研究表明：梧桐沟组储层以岩屑砂岩及长石岩屑砂岩为主,粒度较细,分选磨圆较差,成分与结构成熟度低;储层原生孔隙发育,具有一定量的次生溶孔及微裂缝,发育微米级孔喉,物性较好,属于中孔中低渗储层;通过研究区成岩作用类型及强度的定量分析,共识别出8种成岩相类型。研究区储层物性及孔喉结构主要受岩相及成岩相控制,共划分出29种岩相成岩相组合,结合油田实际产能,将研究区储层划分为四类,从一类到四类,储层物性、孔喉结构及产油情况逐渐变差。     

基底性质对断裂构造的影响: 以琼东南盆地为例

影响断裂凹陷内的断裂系统演化的原因包含多种因素,此次研究针对先存断裂及基底性质对断陷盆地的影响,通过 物理模拟实验方法探究裂谷盆地断裂发育的构造演化过程。根据对琼东南盆地的地震剖面图的解释分析,盆地东部和西部 的凹陷显示不同的凹陷构造形态,实验结果显示,先存断裂的位置和走向影响区域凹陷的演化和平面展布,在先存断裂影 响的区域演化形成地堑构造,在无先存断裂影响的区域则演化形成地垒构造;韧性基底的上覆地层拉伸演化为复式半地堑 构造,而刚性基底的上覆地层呈铲状半地堑构造,在不同基底性质影响下的构造变形模式和琼东南盆地东西部的差异构造 样式基本相符,一定程度上说明了基底性质的差异对琼东南盆地东部和西部凹陷在断裂组合形态差异方面具有影响作用, 为研究供给油气运移聚集成藏的断裂系统演化提供了思路。     

埋藏压实-侧向挤压过程对库车坳陷深层储层物理性质的改造机理

早期长期浅埋、后期快速深埋及晚期强烈的侧向挤压作用是西部前陆盆地共性的地质演化过程,埋藏(机械)压实-侧向挤压过程对深层砂岩储层岩石物理性质与储集性具有重要的改造作用。开展成岩物理模拟实验研究,并与实际地质分析相结合,探索改造作用机制的演化过程,认为持续的垂向压实作用使储层碎屑颗粒由松散状至紧密堆积。在晚期侧向挤压、持续垂向埋藏压实共同作用下,深层碎屑颗粒表现为明显的共轭双方向定向排列特征。在快速垂向压实和强烈的侧向挤压应力作用下,石英、长石等颗粒内出现明显的无定向微裂缝、共轭剪切微裂缝。微裂缝的出现可增强颗粒的可溶蚀性,提高储层渗透性。明确埋藏(机械)压实-侧向挤压过程对深层砂岩储层物理性质与储集性的改造作用机制,对评价与预测深层有利储层的分布具有积极作用。     

光纤温深传感器在物理海洋的应用

光纤传感器技术已经在土木工程、航空航天、石油石化等方面得到应用,其温度、压力、流速传感日趋成熟,且具有本征绝缘、易于复用、远距离传输等优势,在物理海洋领域有较大的潜在应用。在先导专项的支持下,课题组完成了光纤温深传感器及其系统在海洋牧场遥测方面的实践应用,是光纤温度链在海洋养殖方面的应用创新,为现代海洋牧场的研制提供了技术支撑作用;课题组研制了船载拖曳温深链系统,并在北黄海和南海海域进行了温度跃层的快速高效海试应用,实时、连续、原位获取了水下温度剖面情况,该领域温度测量的首次试验应用,为物理海洋的科学研究提供了一种全新的快速、高时空密度的测量手段,将会推动物理海洋的科学研究和海洋仪器设备研发水平,具有一定的先导作用。     

Study on Wave Dissipation of the Structure Combined by Baffle and Submerged Breakwater

This paper proposes a structure combined by baffle and submerged breakwater (abbreviated to SCBSB in the following texts). Such a combined structure is conducive to the water exchange in the harbor, and has strong capability on wave dissipation. Our paper focuses on the discussion of two typical structures, i.e., the submerged baffle and rectangular breakwater combined with the upper baffle respectively, which are named as SCBSB1 and SCBSB2 for short. The eigenfunction method corrected by experimental results is used to investigate the wave dissipation characteristics. It shows that the calculated results agree well with the experimental data and the minimum value of the wave transmission coefficient can be obtained when the distance between the front and rear structures is from 1/4 to 1/2 of the incident wave length.     

Influence of Spur Dike on Hydrodynamic Exchange Between Channel and Shoal of Generalization Estuary in Physical Model Test

Widely applied in maintaining estuarial waterway depth, the spur dike has played an important role in currents and sediment exchange between channel and shoal and sediment back-silting in the channel. Through establishing a generalized physical model at a bifurcated estuary and conducting current tests under the joint action of runoff and tide, the influence of the spur dike length on current exchange between channel and shoal is analyzed. Results show that when the spur dike length reaches a certain value, the direction of the flow velocity shear front between the channel and shoal will change. The longer the spur dike, the larger the transverse fluctuating velocity at the peak of flood in the channel shoal exchange area, while the transport of the transverse hydrodynamics is obvious in the process of flood. There is an optimum length of spur dike when the shear stress in the channel and the longitudinal velocity in flood and ebb reach the maximum, and the flow velocity will decrease when the spur dike length is smaller or larger than the optimum. For a certain length of spur dike, the larger the channel shoal elevation difference, the larger the peak longitudinal flow velocity in the middle of the navigation channel in flood and ebb. However, the transverse flow velocity will first decrease and then increase. The transverse transportation is obvious when the channel shoal elevation difference increases.