整地对栗钙土物理性质和杨树人工林苗木生长的影响

采用定位观测的方法,系统研究了不同整地规格对栗钙土的物理性质和杨树人工林苗木生长的影响.试验结果表明经整地后土壤物理性质总体上得到改善.但不同规格的整地对栗钙土土壤物理性质的改善程度和对杨树人工林苗木生长的促进作用是不同的.在当前的经济发展水平下,综合考虑整地后土壤物理性质的变化和苗木生长的实际效果,在栗钙土上应采用B规格的整地.     

Species sensitivity distributions: data and model choice

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are increasingly incorporated into ecological risk assessment procedures. Although these new techniques offer a more transparent approach to risk assessment they demand more and superior quality data. Issues of data quantity and quality are especially important for marine datasets that tend to be smaller (and have fewer standard test methods) when compared with freshwater data. An additional source of uncertainty when using SSDs is appropriate selection from the range of methods used in their construction. We show through examples the influence of data quantity, data quality, and choice of model. We then show how regulatory decisions may be affected by these factors.     

Age model, physical properties and paleoceanographic implications of the middle Pleistocene core sediments in the Choshi area, central Japan

Abstract   A continuous, well-preserved core was obtained from the Choshi area, on the Pacific side of Japan, to investigate paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes around the northwestern Pacific region during the middle Pleistocene. Siliciclastic sequences in the core are divided into five formations – the Obama, Yokone, Kurahashi and Toyosato Formations in the Inubo Group and the Katori Formation, in ascending order. Examination of calcareous nannofossils and magnetic polarities detected four datums in the core sediments of the Inubo Group: the top of Reticulofenestra asanoi , the base of Helicosphaera inversa , the top of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary. Fourteen marine isotope stages (MIS24–MIS11) were identified in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records based on detected datums and the graphic correlation with the standard stack oxygen isotope curve. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator density were also measured and low values characterize the glacial intervals. Biogenic sedimentation by primary production may be larger during the glacial periods because of invasions of nutrient-rich northern surface-waters related to the southward shift of the Kuroshio front in the Choshi area.     

安徽暴雨落区与一些物理量关系的统计分析

从概率统计的思路出发，用1994-2003年的降水资料对安徽省夏半年（4—9月）暴雨落区、频数等与5840gpm线的关系进行了统计分析，并用2003年淮河洪涝期间20个暴雨区域与某些实况物理量场对比，分析了暴雨落区与一些物理量分布的关系，表明了安徽省暴雨主要集中在梅雨期到7月份，暴雨日数多寡和暴雨范围大小，基本上主导汛期降水多少和旱涝趋势。暴雨落区集中出现在5820～5840gpm的区域，而〈5750gpm和〉5870gpm的区域很少出现暴雨。因此梅雨期主雨带位置预报大致可以用5840gpm线的移动作参考。在物理量上，西风急流北侧以及500hPa上升运动中心南侧到850hPa上升运动中心北侧，有利于暴雨发生发展。     

福建省热带气旋暴雨落区完全预报方法

通过分析近几年影响和登陆福建省的热带气旋区域暴雨过程的T106部分物理量场的分布特征,发现其中的k指数、比湿q、涡度ζ和垂直速度ω场对预报福建省热带气旋区域暴雨有较好的指示意义,它们分别反映了产生暴雨所必须的水汽、不稳定能量和辐合上升运动等基本条件。为了提高暴雨落区预报的效果,提出以动态方式确定物理量临界值的方法作热带气旋暴雨落区预报。通过对1995~2001年7~10月的144个个例T106物理量场的普查和统计分析,得到福建省热带气旋区域暴雨预报的着眼点和物理量诊断模型,建立了应用T213数值预报模式输出的物理量预报场,以动态方式确定物理量临界值,作为福建省热带气旋区域暴雨落区预报的完全预报(PP)方法。     

中国人工增雨研究进展

随着全球气候变暖的加剧,水资源短缺问题表现得越来越突出,如何有效地开发利用空中水资源已成为人们关注的热点问题之一。本文回顾了人工增雨的发展历史,概述了当今国内外人工增雨的发展状况,归纳了各地区云状、积云特征、液态含水量、冰晶浓度等云物理特征,并在此基础上对我国各地区尤其是西北地区的增雨潜力进行了分析,最后归纳总结了人工增雨的常用手段、经验和检验人工增雨效果的方法。     

Mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation in the Bohai Basin, Northeast China: Physical modelling and discussions

The Bohai Basin is a petroliferous Cenozoic basin in northeast China (Fig. 1(a)) and has apparent geo- metrical and kinematic similarities with the other Meso-Cenozoic extensional basins located along the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate[1,2]. Its architec- ture and Cenozoic stratigraphy have been well under- stood from several decades of petroleum exploration. Previous studies have suggested that the Bohai Basinis a typical extensional basin and has two tectonic evolution phases, rift…     

甘肃西北部黑河流域水资源对下游生态环境变化的影响阈

从流域尺度水资源承载能力及其有限性、可变性和上下游关联性的角度,探讨了黑河流域下游区生态环境变化的影响阈,阐明了不同水文年中游区的安全引水量和不同目标下下游区的生态环境修复对水资源的需求阈.基于多年平均地表径流量37.8×108m3/a的安全引水量为13.97×108m3/a和枯水年份(95%保证率)的安全引水量为10.14×108m3/a,下游区初步改善生态环境的生态需水量为8.01×108m3/a.提出了中游区经济社会可持续发展的水资源保障阈,即未来20年生产生活安全需水量介于22×108～23×108m3/a之间.在此基础上,阐明了在中游区经济社会稳定持续发展目标约束下确保黑河流域下游区生态环境不断改善的流域水资源优化配置模式及对策.     

工程物探方法在上海城市建设与管理中的应用

工程物探是各学科和地球物理学的交叉学科,是目前应用地球物理领域中的一个重要的分支,它以地球物理学的理论、方法和技术来研究和勘查各种地球物理场的变化,提取人类活动(工程)对地质体原有状态的影响,探测地下目的体,评价工程质量,为工程的选址、建设、施工质量及安全性做出评价。上海城市建设工程物探的应用和相应的方法技术及工作程序,可供非物探专业的工程技术人员参考和借鉴。