城市体检评估关键技术研究与应用

广州市作为特大城市,在发展过程中出现了人口拥挤、交通拥堵、积水内涝等"城市病"问题.根据住建部开展城市体检试点工作的要求,围绕广州市2019年度和2020年度城市体检指标体系,结合时空大数据,研究了城市体检评估的关键技术,并成功应用于广州市城市体检评估工作中,为体检指标科学化评估、"城市病"精细化分析治理提供了信息化支...     

2010年春季河南一次区域性暴雨天气分析

2010年4月20日08时11日08时河南出现了一次区域性暴雨天气。对本次过程的高低空天气形势、卫星资料、雷达产品、NCEP再分析物理量等资料的分析结果表明：这次区域性暴雨是在高空低槽和切变线的作用下,由中低层强盛的西南暖湿气流和低空东风急流,以及地面倒槽的共同影响下产生的。由于影响系统比较稳定,移动速度较慢,且无明显不稳定能量存在,因此为一次稳定性的降水天气过程,与夏季的对流性短时强降水有明显的不同。卫星云图和雷达产品资料显示,云系的发展和移动与低槽和切变线配合较好,主要以层状云系为主,小时雨强并不大,对此次过程预报分析有很好的补充作用。对水汽、热力和动力因子等物理量的分析发现：在降水发生前,水汽条件已较好,丰富的水汽输送和持续的水汽积聚有利于降水的持续;深厚而强烈的垂直上升运动以及上层辐散、下层辐合的抽吸耦合作用,为暴雨的形成和维持提供了充足的动力条件;较长的降水持续时间,为暴雨的形成提供了充足的条件。     

2003年淮河流域梅汛期首场大暴雨成因分析

利用T2 1 3模式的物理量场和北京大学的客观分析诊断系统对 2 0 0 3年淮河流域梅汛期首场大暴雨的成因进行了天气动力学诊断分析。结果表明 :向南运动的高层偏北风急流下沉支与低空急流上升支组成低涡切变系统是主要影响天气系统 ;水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾和南海 ,但东部海区水汽输送也不可忽视。强暴雨出现在中低层辐合、高层辐散的正涡度中心下方和负涡度中心西侧 ,并与湿位涡高值中心相吻合 ,对暴雨预报有指示意义 ;低层辐合区、水汽供应和低层平流锋生的触发作用是强降水维持的主要原因     

河北临漳曹村窑址青釉器物工艺特征研究

河北地区古代瓷窑产品的理化测试工作多集中于隋唐、宋金时期的器物,北朝等早期产品的分析数据则少有报道。本文运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、岩相、吸水率测试和烧成温度测定等分析方法,对曹村窑址出土青釉样品的工艺特征开展研究。结果表明,2件样品釉层氧化钙含量分别为17.86%和14.1%,烧成温度分别达到1150.1℃和1185.2℃,证明这2件样品属于青瓷,从而证实了曹村窑是已发现的我国北方早期烧制青瓷的窑口之一;其余样品釉层氧化铅含量大于42%,部分样品吸水率低于5%,X射线衍射结果显示胎体中出现莫来石相,证明曹村窑可以生产出瓷胎铅釉陶。结合样品烧成温度均在1000℃以上,远高于铅釉成熟温度,推断曹村窑的瓷胎铅釉陶在北朝时期已经使用了二次烧成工艺。这一复杂工艺的产生,有可能为唐三彩的出现作了技术铺垫。     

Physical Modeling of Fold-and-Thrust Belt Evolution and Triangle Zone Development:Dabashan Foreland Belt(Northeast Sichuan basin,China) as an Example

Triangle zones,generally found in foreland fold-and-thrust belts,serve as favorable objects of petroleum exploration.Taking the Dabashan foreland belt as an example,we studied the formation and development of triangle zones,and investigated the effect of decollements and the mechanical contrast of lithology by employing the method of physical modeling.Four experimental models were conducted in the work.The results showed that ’sand wedges’ grew episodically,recorded by deformational length,height and slope angle.The height versus shortening rate presented an S-shape curve,and uplifting occurred successively in the direction of the foreland belt.During the formation of the triangle zone,layer-parallel shortening took place at the outset;deformation decoupling then occurred between the upper and lower brittle layers,divided by a middle-embedded silicone polymers layer.The upper brittle layers deformed mainly by folding,while the lower sand layers by thrusting. As shortening continued,the geometry of a triangle zone was altered.We consider that the triangle zone in the Dabashan foreland belt was modified from an early one based on available seismic profiles and the experimental results.In addition,decollements and mechanical contrast impose significant influence on structural development,which can directly give rise to structural discrepancies.More decollements and obvious mechanical contrast between brittle layers can promote the coupling between the upper and lower brittle layers.Basal decollement controls the whole deformation and decreases the slope angle of the wedge,while roof decollement determines whether a triangle zone can be formed.     

国家自然地图数据库信息分类与编码体系

本文着重研究利用《中华人民共和国国家自然地图集》,作为主要的信息来源,建立“国家自然地图数据库的信息分类与编码体系,分类原则和子分类体系。在此基础上完成了编码方案、分类原则、编码标准和专题编码的结构,同时描述了建立“国家自然地图数据库”的技术路线、地理数据组织、元数据库及数据字典等。     

东山湾波浪对悬沙浓度场影响的数值模拟研究

研究了波致底切应力和二维辐射应力对悬沙的作用.首先对东山湾的水动力进行了数值模拟并与实测资料进行了对比检验,然后对东山湾悬浮泥沙进行了考虑波浪和不考虑波浪两种情况下的数值模拟并与实测资料进行了相关对比分析.在模式建立过程中,依据东山湾独特的窄口型半封闭河口海湾的特点,基于ECOMSED模式（2002）建立了东山湾三维水动力模型,并通过第三代海浪模式MASNUM加入了波浪对底切应力及辐射应力的影响,通过ECOMSED中的底边界层模型考虑了波浪增强底摩擦的作用,综合分析了东山湾的水动力及泥沙状况.结果表明在东山湾数值模拟中,该模式能较好地模拟这类海域的水动力及泥沙输运状况.在东山湾模拟计算中,潮流的作用强于波浪的作用,但考虑波浪因素后,泥沙模拟结果更好.在波浪的作用中,底切应力相比于二维辐射应力占有绝对的优势,两者相差2个量级以上,因此可以不考虑二维辐射应力的影响.     

BZ28-2S油田Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶渗流特征及其调驱效果研究

渤海BZ28-2S油田具有油藏厚度大、平均渗透率高、非均质性严重、溶剂水矿化度较高和原油黏度较低等特点,注水开发过程中水窜现象比较严重,进而影响水驱开发效果,亟待采取调剖技术措施来改善水驱开发效果.针对BZ28-2S油藏储层特征、流体性质和及其井网特点,以黏度、阻力系数、残余阻力系数和采收率为评价指标,开展了Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶配方优选和调驱注入参数优化实验研究.结果表明,在目标油藏储层和流体条件下,交联剂Cr^3＋与聚合物分子链间可以发生交联反应,形成具有“分子内”交联结构特征、独特渗流特性和与储层适应性良好的Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶体系.与聚合物溶液相比较,在段塞相同条件下,Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶调驱效果较好.从技术经济效果考虑,推荐Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶体系组成：Cp=1 200 ～1 600 mg/L,m（Pol）∶m（Cr^3＋）=180∶1～ 270∶1,段塞尺寸为0.075 ～ 0.125 PV,预计采收率增幅1.6％ ～ 2.5％.在室内研究基础上,2012年12月开始在渤海BZ28-2S油田进行了矿场试验.目前矿场调驱施工正在进行之中,截止到2013年5月,由于调驱时间较短,部分油井已经见效.     

Diagnosis of physical and biological control over phytoplankton in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region using an adjoint data assimilation approach

The linkage between physical and biological processes, particularly the effect of the circulation field on the distribution of phytoplankton, is studied by applying a two-dimensional model and an adjoint data assimilation approach to the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region. The model results, comparing well with observation data, reveal seasonal and geographic variations of phytoplankton concentration and verify that the seasonal cycles of phytoplankton are controlled by both biological sources and ad-vection processes which are functions of space and time and counterbalance each other. Although advective flux divergences have greater magnitudes on Georges Bank than in the coastal region of the western Gulf of Maine, advection control over phytoplankton concentration is more significant in the coastal region of the western Gulf of Maine. The model results also suggest that the two separated populations in the coastal regions of the western Gulf of Maine and on Georges Bank are self-sustaining.     

Insights from a Qualitative Study of Rural Communes: Physical and Social Dimensions of Place

Existing research on people–place dynamics often focuses on either physical environment or social dimensions, but many theoretical models posit that both factors are important. I argue that rural communes provide unique settings to explore both social and environmental aspects of place. Based on qualitative interview data with members of two communes, I address emotional connection to the land, changing social relationships over time, and the interplay of physical and social aspects of place. Results demonstrate how the connections to land and social ties are both prevalent. However, social interaction has decreased while commitment to sharing and protecting the physical environment has endured.