大气变量物理分解原理及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用

观测的全球大气变量可以物理分解为4个部分:纬圈平均的对称气候、非对称气候、纬圈平均的瞬变对称扰动和非对称扰动。文章用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA Interim全球再分析资料(0.75°×0.75°)介绍大气瞬变扰动量中的扰动风提取方法及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用。结果表明:用欧洲高分辨率再分析资料物理分解得到的扰动气流能够较好地反映暴雨的落区和风与雨之间的关系,如暴雨带位于低层大气扰动气流的辐合线上和稳定的暴雨带两侧扰动气流多呈对峙的辐合状态。     

低部主序恒星锂和铍的衰减

根据化学非均匀恒星的非局部对流理论,计算了质量为0．7-1．15M(?)恒星主序演化模型锂和铍的衰减,并将理论和不同年龄疏散星团锂丰度的观测进行了比较．结果表明,贯穿对流混合能重现温度低于6400 K的晚型主序星锂丰度观测的一般性质．贯穿对流混合可能是晚型矮星锂衰减的一种重要机制．     

Some oceanographic observations in the New Zealand fjords

Four New Zealand fjords were surveyed in March and April 1980. In Milford Sound, unusually low dissolved oxygen levels in Stirling Basin suggests that intermittent stagnation events occur, while in Deep Water Basin the bottom water was virtually anoxic. Near the entrance to Milford Sound aperiodic currents up to 38 cm s^?1 were recorded. In Isthmus Sound and Long Sound, in Preservation Inlet, contrasting circulation and mixing regimes were found and tidal currents up to 60 cm s^?1 over the entrance sill to Long Sound are important for deep water renewal.     

DELIMITING THE PHYSICAL CITY: DISPARITIES BETWEEN VARIOUS METHODS OF CALCULATING POPULATION DENSITIES*

The legal city and the urbanized area fail to depict accurately the physical area of urban development and therefore prevent an accurate calculation of population densities. When underbounding occurs, densities tend to be unrealistically high and with overbounding they are low. Delimitations made by air photo interpretation demonstrate that the physical city, measured on a 21/2 acre scale of generalization, provides a more accurate basis for calculating population densities of urban areas than either the legal city or urbanized area because the bounding problems are eliminated.     

房屋物理模型在三维地籍中的表达

公寓是地籍系统中最具代表性并应以3D形式登记的不动产单元,其建筑结构及空间形态影响着各单元在三维地籍注册中所占据的空间,将房屋几何信息引入地籍系统可实现法定空间的准确表达。本文以ISO/TC 211土地管理域模型LADM为模板,基于地籍管理中"法定空间-物理结构"理论,将房屋物理模型引入LADM,以房屋或建筑物物理实体模型或几何信息为空间参照,在三维地籍系统中实现公寓单元"法定空间"的准确表达与登记。     

2011年包头初雪天气过程分析

利用Micaps常规资料,对2011年1月2—4日包头地区冬季首次降雪过程进行了分析。结果显示：此次降雪过程是受高空短波槽和地面倒槽共同影响所致,低空有充沛的水汽输送,并与西路小槽引导的冷空气在河套地区交汇;低空河套以东地区有强烈的辐合上升运动,有利于此次降雪天气过程的发生、发展。     

利用IDL与VC++联合构建森林叶面积指数反演系统

以CHRIS多角度数据为数据源,采用IDL语言,运用控件和类技术实现系统框架,设计模型对象管理器组织模型对象,设计数据的各项处理技术,完成叶面积指数(LAI)物理模型的参数反演与经验模型反演技术,实现近真实森林三维场景的显示。结果表明,利用IDL处理多角度遥感数据是一种可行的技术方案,并实现森林叶面积指数信息自动化提取与浏览。     

A View of Earth System Model Development

This paper gives a definition of earth system model and shows three development phases of it, including physical climate system model, earth climate system model, and earth system model, based on an inves- tigation of climate system models in the world. It provides an expatiation on the strategic significance of future development of earth system model, an introduction of some representative scientific research plans on development of earth system model home and abroad, and a review of its status and trends based on the models of the fourth assessment report （AR4） ofthe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）. Some suggestions on future development of earth system model in China are given, which are expected to be helpful to advance the development.     

甘肃河东一次区域性暴雨天气过程分析

2008年7月20～22日甘肃河东出现了一次区域性暴雨天气,对这次过程的环流形势演变、主要影响系统和物理量场特征进行分析.结果表明:在有利的环流形势下,高原低涡东移发展是造成此次强降水的主要系统;低空急流为此次暴雨提供了充足的水汽;低层辐合、高层辐散的流场形势引起强烈上升运动,为暴雨的发生和维持提供了很好的动力条件,保证了降水云系的发展和维持;比湿和假相当位温分布对暴雨落区预报有一定的指示意义.