2008年1月贵州冻雨的数值模拟和层结结构分析

针对2008年初发生在贵州地区的严重冻雨过程,分别从环流背景、低空急流和水汽输送条件等方面分析了准静止锋维持的原因,并选取本次灾害最严重的第3次过程为典型个例,利用WRF模式针对准静止锋影响下的贵州冻雨进行数值模拟来研究冻雨的发生机制。模拟结果较好地反映出高低空环流形势场特征,强雨雪降水带的走向、落区,以及地面温度的分布,均与观测基本吻合。通过分析高分辨率模式的模拟结果,揭示了准静止锋上贵州地区冻雨的层结结构特征及云物质在冻雨区的分布特征。研究结果表明,贵州中部的冻雨区除一般的三层结构(包含冰晶层、暖层和冷层)外,还具有典型的两层结构特征,即:高空的固体降水粒子稀少,900~600 h Pa深厚的逆温层和0℃以上的暖层使中低空存在大量液态粒子,下落的液滴经过近地面的浅薄冷层,形成大量过冷却雨滴,而后降落至地面迅速冻结。     

甘肃武威市一次局地大到暴雨天气成因分析

利用常规天气图、FY-2D卫星云图、单站地面资料、NCEP再分析物理量场资料,对2013年8月6日发生在甘肃武威市对流性强降雨天气成因进行了诊断分析。结果表明:强降雨是在一定的大尺度环流背景下高低层天气系统共同作用下发生的,地面气象要素的剧烈变化是强对流天气能量的释放过程;湿度条件和水汽在本地辐合为大到暴雨提供了充沛的水汽;高层辐散、低层辐合以及强烈的上升气流是大到暴雨发生的动力条件;强烈的不稳定能量和不稳定层结是对流增强、雨强较大的必要条件;对流云团的发展和加强是降雨强度较大的直接原因。     

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.     

缝洞型油藏大尺度可视化水驱油物理模拟实验及机理

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏由于其缝洞组合关系的复杂性,使得储层流体的渗流规律有别于常规油藏。根据某油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩的实际情况设计制作了大尺度可视化物理模型,并按照现场实际设计了二注三采的实验井网及注采方案,以应用物理模拟实验来研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的开发特征及油井生产规律。结合实验结果,利用J.Cruz-Hernández建立的数学模型对生产数据进行拟合,以研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏中流体的渗流机理,J.Cruz-Hernández数学模型中的空间系数和流动速度对采收率影响较大,提出模型的改进应考虑重力分异作用、溶洞比例等影响因素。     

Review on physical models of lunar brightness temperature

Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research.     

松辽盆地白垩系火山岩储层岩石物理声学特性分析

采集松辽盆地徐家围子地区9口探井57块营城组火山岩石样品,在模拟实际地层温度、压力条件下进行岩石物理参数测试,以期逐步实现火山岩储层流体的地球物理直接识别。采用超声脉冲透射法测定岩样的声学参数(纵波速度和横波速度),进行了不同流体状态下岩样的岩石物理参数特征分析。结果表明,在双参数域空间,特别是在体性-剪性双参数空间,火山岩含气储层与含水储层较易区分。     

Teaching physical geography at university with cartoons and comic strips: Motivation,construction and usage

This article presents the cartoons and comic strips that the author draws and has used in his teaching of physical geography at the undergraduate level since 2011. In the context of an image‐based culture, this article discusses the pedagogic goals that cartoons and comic strips fulfil: enhancing learning and creativity, associating pleasure with learning, pushing students to think ‘outside the box’ and relating the students' learning experience to a media framework popular with students. Cartoons and comic strips also answer particular necessities related to the teaching of physical geography. Using characters placed in hypothetical situations, they explain the process of doing geography and being a physical geographer.     

信息物理系统研究与应用综述

信息物理系统是以信息世界与物理世界的紧密结合为显著特征的,集计算、通信与控制为一体的网络系统。首先介绍信息物理系统的起源与发展。比较分析几个比较有代表性的信息物理系统定义,给出对信息物理系统的概念的理解与定义。在文献梳理的基础上,总结信息物理系统的主要特征。简要介绍3个典型的信息物理系统应用方案,即智能电网、生物与医疗、智能高速公路与无人驾驶。最后总结信息物理系统研究与应用中所面临的挑战,提出今后信息物理系统可能的研究热点。为更好地了解信息物理系统相关知识,为信息物理系统领域的研究提供有价值的参考。     

海南省基础地理信息数据库设计与建库

简单介绍了海南省基础地理信息数据库的物理设计和逻辑设计,包括数字线划图数据库、数字正射影像数据库、数字高程模型数据库、地名数据库以及元数据库五个子库的逻辑设计,以及数据库建库的步骤,包括数据入库前检查,数据库结构设计和数据入库。     

平潭近岸海域浮子漂移轨迹及其数值模拟

平潭近岸海域岸线曲折,周边岛礁众多,海底地形复杂,是福建省海难事故的高发区.本研究建立了平潭近岸海域海上目标物漂移轨迹的预测系统,该系统通过风场和流场的数值模型获取海面动力环境信息,采用拉格朗日算法实现对海上目标物漂移轨迹的预测追踪.其中海流模型采用ROMS（regional ocean modeling system）模型构建,模型水平方向上最高分辨率为100m,垂向上分为16层,并考虑干湿边界,以体现复杂海岸线和水深地形.通过验证分析,潮位、流速和流向的模拟平均绝对误差分别为0.20 m、0.12 m/s和26°.通过平潭近岸2个浮子实验,结果表明,浮子漂移过程中受潮流和局地地形的影响明显,对漂移模型在平潭近岸海域的适用性进行初步验证,浮子模拟轨迹与实际漂移过程基本吻合,模拟时段内最大偏差距离为2.8km,系统可以为平潭近岸海域海上突发事故应急决策提供参考.