福建省前峰硫-多金属矿矿床特征及几个成因问题的讨论

福建省前峰硫 多金属矿的形成具明显的层控特征。矿体赋存于上石碳统─下二叠统船山组及栖霞组灰岩中，成矿作用是多期叠加的、复杂的。在与生物礁有关的沉积阶段，生物吸附提供了主要硫源，后期热液改造对沉积成矿作用有着继承性，区域动力变质热液及其派生的分泌、分异成矿热液，以及与岩浆有关的热液多期次参与矿床的变质改造，而这些热液活动均与政和 大埔深大断裂有关。     

小兴安岭湿地植物的光合作用日变化研究

对同一区域内两种不同类型森林沼泽的生态环境及生长在其中的植物进行调查和观测,分析讨论两种不同小气候形成的原因及对植物的影响,比较分析两种沼泽中主要植物的气孔导度、Ci/C、蒸腾、光合作用的日进程变化特性。高位沼泽中优势植物小灌木的气孔导度较高,蒸腾及光合速率高;光合曲线表现为双峰型,有明显的“午休”现象,引起“午休”现象的原因是非气孔限制因子;测试条件下高位沼泽植物的饱和光强范围是1 044.24-1 205.43μmoL/(m2·s);低位沼泽优势植物光合日变化曲线表现为单峰型和平展型,无“午休”现象。其中阴生植物蓝靛果忍冬和修氏苔草的光补偿点<18μmoL/(m2·s),低位沼泽林下落叶松和油桦的光合作用限制因子为光照强度不足,而土壤矿质营养贫乏和水的强酸性是高位沼泽中油桦和落叶松光合能力的重要限制因子。     

Verification of Net Primary Production Estimation Method in the Mongolian Plateau Using Landsat ETM＋ Data

We plan to estimate global net primary production (NPP) of vegetation using the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-Ⅱ (ADEOS-Ⅱ) Global Imager (GLI) multi-spectral data. We derive an NPP estimation algorithm from ground measurement data on temperate plants in Japan. By the algorithm, we estimate NPP using a vegetation index based on pattern decomposition (VIPD) for the Mongolian Plateau. The VIPD is derived from Landsat ETM multi-spectral data, and the resulting NPP estimation is compared with ground data measured in a semi-arid area of Mongolia. The NPP estimation derived from satellite remote sensing data agrees with the ground measurement data within the error range of 15% when all above-ground vegetation NPP is calculated for different vegetation classifications.     

Ecophysiological characteristics of four intertidal marine macroalgae during emersion along Shantou coast of China, with a special reference to the relationship of photosynthesis and CO2

Intertidal marine macroalgae experience periodical exposures during low tide due to their zonational distribution. The duration of such emersion leads to different exposures of the plants to light and aerial CO2, which then affect the physiology of them to different extents.The ecophysiological responses to light and CO2 were investigated during emersion in two red algae Gloiopeltis furcata and Gigartina interrnedia, and two brown algae Petaloniafascia and Sargassum hemiphyllum, growing along the Shantou coast of China. The light-saturated net photosynthesis in G. furcata and P. fascia showed an increase followed by slightly desiccation, whereas that in G.interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum exhibited a continuous decrease with water loss. In addition, the upper-zonated G. furcata and P. fascia,exhibited higher photosynthetic tolerance to desiccation and required higher light level to saturate their photosynthesis than the lower-zonated G. interrnedia and S. hemiphyllum. Desiccation had less effect on dark respiration in these four algae compared with photosynthesis. The light-saturated net photosynthesis increased with increased CO2 concentrations, being saturated at CO2 concentrations higher than the present atmospheric level in G. furcata, G. intermedia and S. hemiphyllum during emersion. It was evident that the relative enhancement of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in those three algae increased, though the absolute values of photosynthetic enhancement owing to CO2 increase were reduced when the desiccation statuses became more severe. However, in the case of desiccated P. fascia (water loss being greater than 20 %), light saturated net photosynthesis was saturated with current ambient atmospheric CO2 level. It is proposed that increasing atmospheric CO2 will enhance the daily photosynthetic production in intertidal macroalgae by varied extents that were related to the species and zonation.     

The effect of encrusting bryozoans on the photosynthetic activity of Fucus serratus L.

A photosynthetic gradient along the fronds of the serrated wrack, Fucus serratus L. is described. Within the epifaunal communities associated with the fronds of F. serratus certain species are known to settle preferentially in the distal, less heavily encrusted, regions of the plant; thus a gradient in photosynthetic activity could provide an important mechanism by which the prospecting larvae of such species are able to discriminate between different regions along individual fronds. Photosynthesis is significantly depressed in F. serratus fronds which are heavily fouled by the fleshy encrusting bryozoans, Alcyonidium hirsutum (Fleming) and Flustrellidra hispida (Fabricius). Electra pilosa (L.), a calcareous opportunistic bryozoan, has a less marked effect on photosynthetic activity. The selective costs of dense epifaunal assemblages on their algal hosts are briefly discussed.     

Temperature Effects on Photosynthesis and Depth Distribution of the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (ucria) Ascherson in a Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon: the Mar Menor (SE Spain)

Abstract. Seasonal variation of temperature effects on photosynthesis and respiration of Cymodorea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson was investigated in a 1 m depth meadow in the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain). Light-saturated net photosynthesis (P_max)and dark respiration (R) rates were linearly correlated with water temperature between 10 and 30°C. and 10 and 35°C, respectively, during the year. Water temperature had a similar effect on R rates in August, November, and February, but increased P_max rates in August vs. those in February, thus promoting a shift of the maximum P_max/R ratio values from 15°C in February to 30°C in August. P-I curves had higher P_max values in May and August than in November or February, while Ic values remained relatively constant throughout the year. Whole-plant carbon balances suggested that C. nodosa might not be able to survive in the central basin of the lagoon and that the spatial distribution of this seagrass in the Mar Menor might be controlled by light availability.     

Photosynthesis, Respiration and other Factors Influencing the Growth of Laminar/a ochroleuca PYL below 50 Metres in the Straits of Messina

Abstract. The population of Laminaria ochroleuca in the current swept Straits of Messina was investigated regarding its age structure and photosynthesis. Age structure appears to be determined by sporadic recruitment and the limitation of growth due to peak currents decapitating older plants, which is corroborated by drag force resistance calculations. The calculation of a carbon budget from measurements of photosynthesis and dark respiration both in the laboratory and in situ shows that L. ochroleuca cannot satisfy its carbon demands for growth and respiration at 50 m depth and no satisfactory explanation can be given for its rapid growth between 50 and 100 m.     

广西桂林漓江典型河段水化学昼夜动态变化 及其对岩溶碳循环的影响

岩溶区河流水化学昼夜动态变化的研究,对年际尺度河流监测计划制定、碳循环研究及其通量估算具有重要作用与意义。本文选择桂江上游漓江典型岩溶河流,开展不同河段水化学高分辨率监测和高频水样取样工作,分析了水化学的昼夜动态变化、沿流程变化及其影响因素,探讨了水化学昼夜循环的生物代谢过程与光合作用机理。结果表明,硅酸盐岩分布河段与碳酸盐岩分布河段水化学存在显著差异,且具有不同的昼夜变化规律。总体上,受补给流域地质背景控制,从北部硅酸盐岩山区到南部峰林平原区,即从上游到下游,水温、pH、SpC、Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~–离子含量逐渐升高,升高幅度分别为3.63℃、1.99、125.23μS/cm、22.42 mg/L、73.32 mg/L。DO、pH、Sp C、Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~–及δ13CDIC等指标昼夜变化主要受水生植物光合作用控制,最大昼夜变幅分别为19.4 mg/L、2.02、56.4μS/cm、12 mg/L、48.8 mg/L、–2.05‰。K+、Na+和NO_3~–离子含量昼夜变化主要受生物代谢过程(同化作用)控制。桂林河段水生植物光合作用消耗水体DIC及伴随的Ca沉降能显著影响水体饱和度和CO_2分压,白天CO_2分压下降,水体处于过饱和状态,对水气界面脱气过程发生具有抑制作用。阳朔河段水体均处于过饱和状态,CO_2分压处于与大气平衡的临界线附近,意味着随着流程的增加,水体产生脱气的可能性在减小,说明秋冬季由岩溶作用溶蚀产生的碳汇是相对稳定的。     

矿物光电子能量在地球早期生命起源与进化中的作用

地球早期生命起源的第一步是合成简单的有机化合物,但合成有机物所需能量来源问题长期困扰着学术界。早期地球上丰富的硫化物半导体矿物可将太阳光子转化为光电子,提供持续的能量来源。也正是由于矿物光电子能量较高,在非生物途径合成小分子有机物方面具有优势。其中半导体矿物自然硫转化太阳能产生的光电子能量,是目前所发现的最高的矿物光电子能量,不仅能直接还原CO₂分子为甲酸物质,还可催化其他生命基础物质的合成。在全球陆地系统中暴露在阳光下的岩石/土壤表面普遍被一层铁锰氧化物“矿物膜”所覆盖,光照下含半导体矿物水钠锰矿的“矿物膜”产生原位、灵敏、长效的光电流,显示出优异的光电效应。生物光合作用中心Mn₄CaO₅在裂解水产氧过程中产生成分和结构类似水钠锰矿的结构中间体,地球早期“矿物膜”中水钠锰矿可能促进了锰簇Mn₄CaO₅与生物光合作用的起源与进化。早期地球半导体矿物为生命起源基本物质的合成提供直接能量来源,矿物光电子能量在地球早期生命起源与进化中起到了重要作用。     

沙埋对科尔沁沙地两种主要作物存活的影响及其光合生理响应

为了解沙埋对农作物存活、产量的影响及其光合生理响应特征,在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了玉米（Zea mays）和绿豆（Vigna radiata）在不同沙埋深度下第5、10、15天的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的变化,并于作物生长末期对其存活率及产量进行了测定。结果表明：（1）玉米较绿豆具有较强的耐沙埋能力,埋深等于株高时绿豆全部死亡,玉米仍有12.5%的存活率;（2）埋深超过株高的25%后,玉米和绿豆的产量均显著下降,但玉米的下降幅度明显小于绿豆;（3）随着沙埋胁迫的加剧,两种植物的净光合速率下降,表明沙埋胁迫对植物的光合作用破坏很大。但相比于绿豆,玉米对于沙埋胁迫有着更好的光合适应机理,随着胁迫的时间增加,其净光合速率有所恢复。且可以通过降低蒸腾速率和提高水分利用效率来适应沙埋胁迫。