ROx Budgets and O3 Formation during Summertime at Xianghe Suburban Site in the North China Plain

Photochemical smog characterized by high concentrations of ozone (O3) is a serious air pollution issue in the North China Plain (NCP) region, especially in summer and autumn. For this study, measurements of O3, nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous acid (HONO), and a number of key physical parameters were taken at a suburban site, Xianghe, in the NCP region during the summer of 2018 in order to better understand the photochemical processes leading to O3 formation and find an optimal way to control O3 pollution. Here, the radical chemistry and O3 photochemical budget based on measurement data from 1-23 July using a chemical box model is investigated. The daytime (0600-1800 LST) average production rate of the primary radicals referred to as ROx (OH + HO2+ RO2) is 3.9 ppbv h-1. HONO photolysis is the largest primary ROx source (41％). Reaction of NO2 + OH is the largest contributor to radical termination (41％), followed by reactions of RO2 + NO2 (26％). The average diurnal maximum O3 production and loss rates are 32.9 ppbv h-1 and 4.3 ppbv h-1, respectively. Sensitivity tests without the HONO constraint lead to decreases in daytime average primary ROx production by 55％ and O3 photochemical production by 42％, highlighting the importance of accurate HONO measurements when quantifying the ROx budget and O3 photochemical production. Considering heterogeneous reactions of trace gases and radicals on aerosols, aerosol uptake of HO2 contributes 11％ to ROx sink, and the daytime average O3 photochemical production decreases by 14％. The O3-NOx-VOCs sensitivity shows that the O3 production at Xianghe during the investigation period is mainly controlled by VOCs.     

黑河流域几个主要植物种光合特征的比较研究

对自然生长在沙丘上的旱生植物沙拐枣、梭梭和防护林带的中生植物沙枣和杨树在大气干燥,土壤干旱下的光合响应机制进行了比较研究。结果表明,4种植物气孔导度的变化主要受空气相对湿度和饱和水蒸汽压差的影响,气孔的关闭是对空气湿度的急剧降低、饱和水蒸汽压差的急剧升高的前馈反应,只是响应程度不同。沙拐枣、沙枣和梭梭具有高光合,杨树为低光合。沙拐枣、梭梭、沙枣的光合速率日变化曲线呈双峰型,有午睡现象出现;杨树的呈单峰型。沙拐枣的午睡主要由非气孔因素引起,光化学效率的降低可能是非气孔因素之一;梭梭的光合午睡也是由非气孔因素引起。而气孔关闭是沙枣光合午睡的一个原因。沙枣的光合速率的日变化曲线与气孔导度的变化呈平行下降趋势,其他3种植物没有表现此现象。4种植物在强光时都发生了不同程度的光抑制,只是出现的时间不同;沙拐枣和沙枣出现低谷后恢复很快,梭梭和杨树起伏比较大,杨树恢复相对较慢,但到晚上都得到恢复。4种植物对沙区高光强表现出不同程度的可调控的保护性机制。     

Photochemical degradation of triadimefon in seawater

The photochemical degradation of triadimefon in seawater was investigated under different reaction conditions in this study. The results showed that triadimefon could be effectively degraded by the irradiation of a high-pressure mercury lamp and the photodegradation rotes were influenced by aquatic media, heavy metal ions and photosensitizers. The photochemical degradation of triadimefon followed the first-order reaction kinetic behavior, with the rate constants ranging from 0.0027 to 0.0128 min-1 under the studied conditions. The photolysis of triadimefon was slower in natural seawater than in distilled water or synthetic seawater. All the heavy metal ions studied in this paper had inhibition effects on the photolysis of triadimefon. Acetone, as a common photosensitizer, could accelerate the photolysis of triadimefon. Three photoproducts were identified by GC-MS analysis. Our study confirmed that photochemical degradation is an effective pathway to remove triadimefon in seawater.