类比预测法在城市群体建筑物震害预测中的应用

群体建筑物量大面广,为了简化群体建筑物震害预测的工作,采用类比预测法对群体建筑物震害进行了预测.从城市建筑中选取具有典型破坏特征的建筑物作为样本,通过建筑物结构类型、高度、建设年代、现状质量和用途作为震害影响因子进行震害类比预测.建立规划区内建筑物易损性矩阵.最后以宁德市为例,利用本文方法给出了宁德市建筑物的易损性矩阵...     

对利用跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层活动参数公式的改进

分析了利用两条跨断层基线和水准测量资料推算断层三维活动参数传统公式存在的问题,指出传统的计算公式实际是一个要求两侧点位处于同一水平面时的近似公式。本文对这一公式重新进行了严格的数学推导,得到了适用于一般情况的改进后的计算公式,并以实际算例指出传统公式对计算结果可能造成的误差量级。     

转换波二极化校正及在陆上气云区的应用(英文)

转换波技术是解决气云区成像问题的有效手段,而二极化现象则是制约转换波构造成像精度提高的一个重要因素。解决该问题的一个有效办法是二极化校正:将转换波速度分解为基本速度和速度扰动,分两步对转换波地震数据进行叠加速度分析和叠前时间偏移速度分析。柴达木盆地三湖地区天然气资源丰富,气云广泛发育,通过对三湖地区二维三分量地震数据的研究分析,发现该地区转换波二极化现象明显,对转换波的准确成像有较大影响。通过对转换波二极化校正方法的应用,不论是在叠加成像,还是叠前偏移成像都取得了较好的效果,提高了气云区转换波构造成像的精度。二极化校正对解决气云区转换波剩余静校正有重要促进作用,二极化校正与转换波剩余静校正的结合是陆上气云区转换波高精度成像流程中必不可少的环节。     

核电厂沉积岩岩基激振试验研究

岩基是核电厂Ⅰ、Ⅱ类物项的承载基础,其动力参数取值对核电厂抗震设计意义重大.目前,我国核电站岩基以块状火成岩为主,其动力参数取值和试验成果较少,而有关层状岩体结构的核电站沉积岩岩基动力参数取值和试验研究则未见报道.本文以我国首个以沉积岩为岩基的核电厂为例,基于振动基本理论,设计了自由振动和强迫振动激振实验,并对比了垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向的激振试验结果,旨在获得首个沉积岩核岛岩基的岩基阻尼比、抗剪刚度和抗弯刚度等动力参数,以期为类似工程提供设计依据.试验表明:由自由振动和强迫振动获得的某核电站呈层状岩体结构的沉积岩核岛岩基动力参数相近,岩基抗压刚度系数为21.4-28.83MN/m3;岩基抗剪刚度系数为15.44-22.68MN/m3;岩基抗弯刚度系数为44.24-60.72MN/m3;岩基竖直向阻尼比为7.34%-7.68%;岩基水平回转向第一振型阻尼比为7.43%-7.44%;垂直层理水平方向和沿层理水平方向试验成果的各向异性指数为0.9%-7.5%;动力参数呈弱各向异性.试验结果首次给出了该核电站沉积岩岩基的动力参数取值范围,对具有相似岩基的核电厂抗震设计有较好的工程参考价值.     

Rapid incision of a small,coarse and steep fan‐delta in response to base‐level fall: the case of Nahal Qedem,the Dead Sea,Israel

The Dead Sea has been continuously dropping 0·4–1·0 m yr^?1 since the middle of the 20th century and thus provides a unique field laboratory for studying in real time the response of drainage systems to a non‐tectonic base‐level fall. The aim of this work is to study the short‐term ongoing erosive response to a rapid base‐level drop in a small, steep‐fronted, erodible fan‐delta setting. The work explores the controls of the steep Qedem fan‐delta, guided by its clinoform structure, on its incision. Longitudinal profiles of the fan‐delta and of its entrenched channel were measured in the field. Sedimentary facies changes – fluviatile, shallow lacustrine and beach – were followed along exposures. The existence of large boulders provided an opportunity to examine the uncertain role of armouring and boulder flux on incision. The field study was combined with digital elevation models (DEMs) that were extracted from pairs of overlapping aerial photos. Maps of erosion and deposition were prepared using a change detection algorithm. The longitudinal profile of the entrenched channel was found to be steep and linear. The outlet temporarily ‘hangs’ elevated and ungraded above the retreating lake level, indicating years without incision flow events, which cause lags in response to the rapid lake level drop. In spite of the large boulders, the small drainage basin and precipitation volume over the basin of the Qedem, the recorded vertical incision rates in the unconsolidated sediments are as high as 0·8 m yr^?1, i.e. similar to those of the largest wadis draining to the Dead Sea. The steep front of the fan‐delta is suggested to be a main factor controlling the efficient incision. A unique transport mechanism of rolling boulders, following undercutting, contributed to the entrenchment efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用知识管理带动勘察设计企业的信息化

本文遵循理论与实际相结合的指导思想,从知识管理的理论出发,围绕勘察设计企业的知识管理现状,分析勘察设计企业建设知识管理系统的必要性、阐述勘察设计企业知识管理的关键环节,提出建立勘察设计企业协同设计和知识管理为核心的综合管理信息系统方案。     

相邻新一代天气雷达回波强度误差分析

对相邻天气雷达同一覆盖区域回波强度误差分析,旨在提高三维拼图软件的准确率。利用广东省6部天气雷达北京时2008年6月6日12~14时的原始资料,以广州雷达为基准,分别与深圳,阳江,韶关,梅州,汕头5部雷达进行对比分析,采用了对应点对比法和线性插值算法,直接对两部雷达基数据处理,对比分析同一时间,同一位置的S波段的PPI回波强度资料,分析结果表明:两部雷达在同一覆盖区域具有较好的一致性,相同区域内回波强度差值平均在不同时刻变化很小,验证了此方法分析覆盖区域内回波强度对比的有效性。实验结果表明:按此算法选取作为对比标准的广州雷达平均回波强度值略高。     

中国典型地区人文-经济地理研究进展与展望

城市密集区、老工业基地、陆疆、山区是中国主要的地域类型,也是人文-经济地理学研究“人一地关系地域系统”形成规律、驱动力和作用机制、演化过程与空间格局的重要对象。伴随全球化、工业化、城市化、信息化的快速发展,不同地区的社会经济与自然系统之间的匹配和适应关系正发生着深刻而剧烈的变化,加强上述典型地区的研究既是人文一经济地理学科发展的内在要求,也是强化学科在国家和区域发展中的服务职能的必然要求。本文分析了中国城市密集区的空间格局及其演化,城市老工业区改造,边境城镇集聚扩散的动力机制,山区聚落空间、文化景观及其环境与山区资源环境承载力等方面的最新研究进展;总结了在国家重大地域空间规划和战略咨询中发挥的科技支撑作用以及在典型城市密集区可持续发展、老工业基地振兴、山区资源环境承载力等方面取得的重大研究成果和产生的社会影响。从学科建设和技术方法层面,提出未来要加强城市密集区发展的社会和生态效应,老工业基地振兴政策与绩效评价,陆疆地域系统演变机理和发展模式,应对气候变化的山区可持续生计选择、动力、机制等方面的研究。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Vanishing Farmland Crisis, Critical Views of the Movement to Preserve Agricultural Land . John Baden Protecting Farmlands . Frederick R. Steiner and John E. Theilacker Ecological Effects of Fire in South African Ecosystems . Peter de V. Booysen and Neil M. Tainton Geography in China . Wu Chuanjun , Wang Nailiang , Lin Chao and Zhao Songqiao Resource Inventory and Baseline Study Methods for Developing Countries . Francis Conant , Peter Rogers , Marion Baumgardner , Cyrus Mc Kell , Raymond Dasmann, and Priscilla Reining Principles of Remote Sensing . Paul J. Curran Famine As A Geographical Phenomenon . Bruce Currey and Graeme Hugo The Suburban Squeeze: Land Conversion and Regulation in the San Francisco Bay Area . David E. Dowall Senses of Place . John Eyles Uneven Development and the Geographical Transfer of Value . D. K. Forbes and P. J. Rimmer Issues in Wilderness Management . Michael Frome Land-use and Prehistory in South-east Spain , The London Research Series in Geography 8. Antonio Gilman and John B. Thornes with Stephen Wise Regions in Question, Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy . Charles Gore The Colorado River: Instability and Basin Management . William L. Graf Hazardous Waste Sites: The Credibility Gap . Michael R. Greenberg and Richard F. Anderson Peasants, Subsistence Ecology, and Development in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea . Lawrence S. Grossman Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915 Peter B. Hales Silicon Landscapes . Peter Hall and Ann Markusen Remaking Ibieca: Rural Life in Aragon under Franco . Susan F. Harding The European Energy Challenge: East and West . George W. Hoffman The Global Climate . John T. Houghton The Urban Jobless in Eastern Africa . Abel G. M. Ishumi . The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century North America . John A. Jakle City and Society: An Outline for Urban Geography . R. J. Johnston Residential Segregation, The State and Constitutional Conflict in American Urban Areas . R. J. Johnston Accessibility and Utilization: Geographical Perspectives on Health Care Delivery . Alun E. Joseph and David R. Phillips To the Heart of Asia: The Life of Sven Hedin . George Kish North American Culture , Vol 1. Ary J. Lamme III Past and Present in the Americas: A Compendium of Recent Studies . John Lynch Ethnicity in Contemporary America: A Geographical Appraisal . Jesse O. Mc Kee The Shell Countryside Book . Richard Muir and Eric Duffey 1990 Planning Conference Series. Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference . Proceedings of the Regional Geographic Areas Conferences Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape . Vol. 2: Barns and Farm Structures . Allen G. Noble Bangladesh: Biography of a Muslim Nation . Charles Peter O'donnell     

新疆棉花基地布局研究

新疆棉区是我国正在开发建设的优质棉花基地。本文阐述了新疆棉区在我国的战略地位,从自然生态和社会经济诸因素分析评价了新疆棉花生产的利弊条件,探讨了新疆棉花基地的发展方向和远景规模,划分了新疆棉花生产的适宜区和经济区,并在此基础上提出新疆棉花基地区域布局的设想。