陆壳岩石化学结构建立方法探讨

根据既有岩石化学成分又有地震波速的实验岩石数据,讨论了影响岩石波速的主要因素和不同实验条件下地震波速与岩石成分之间的线性关系差异。选择常温、600MPa测定的数据建立了地震波速Vp与SiO2、石英、石英 长石、岩石分异指数DI的回归方程,并讨论了回归方程的适用范围。对这些方程进行验证表明它们能够用于地震波速推断深部物质成分。     

基础隔震建筑混合控制的变结构趋近律方法

本文对叠层胶支座基础震建筑的混合振动控制问题进行了研究。利用控制律设计的变结构趋近律方法,给出了相应的闭环控制律表示式。     

多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统

本文概略介绍了“多种地震仪器标定数据综合处理系统”的研制目的、主要技术内空及编程中遇到的问题和解决方法,认为用该系统对测震仪、水氡仪、核旋仪的标定、比测数据处理既可以提高标定结果的精度,又可将此项工作规范化、微机化、所以这套系统的实施对整个地震观测及地震分析预报质量的提高有着重要作用。     

贱金属硫化物矿床中的贵金属

本文从现代海底热液成矿系统和古代块状硫化物矿床中都含有大量的贵金属这一事实出发,论证了贱金属硫化物矿床中贵金属的重要性,并论述了Au、Ag在矿物、矿石、矿体及矿床类型中的分布特征及其Cu-Au共生、Pb(Zn)-Ag共生组合对于矿床地质和找矿的意义。     

An enhanced base isolation system equipped with optimal tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI)

In seismic base isolation, most of the earthquake‐induced displacement demand is concentrated at the isolation level, thereby the base‐isolation system undergoes large displacements. In an attempt to reduce such displacement demand, this paper proposes an enhanced base‐isolation system incorporating the inerter, a 2‐terminal flywheel device whose generated force is proportional to the relative acceleration between its terminals. The inerter acts as an additional, apparent mass that can be even 200 times higher than its physical mass. When the inerter is installed in series with spring and damper elements, a lower‐mass and more effective alternative to the traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) is obtained, ie, the TMD inerter (TMDI), wherein the device inertance plays the role of the TMD mass. By attaching a TMDI to the isolation floor, it is demonstrated that the displacement demand of base‐isolated structures can be significantly reduced. Due to the stochastic nature of earthquake ground motions, optimal parameters of the TMDI are found based on a probabilistic framework. Different optimization procedures are scrutinized. The effectiveness of the optimal TMDI parameters is assessed via time history analyses of base‐isolated multistory buildings under several earthquake excitations; a sensitivity analysis is also performed. The enhanced base‐isolation system equipped with optimal TMDI attains an excellent level of vibration reduction as compared to the conventional base‐isolation scheme, in terms not only of displacement demand of the base‐isolation system but also of response of the isolated superstructure (eg, base shear and interstory drifts); moreover, the proposed vibration control strategy does not imply excessive stroke of the TMDI.     

Optimal design and seismic performance of tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) for structures with nonlinear base isolation systems

The tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) couples the classical tuned mass damper (TMD) with an inerter, a mechanical device whose generated force is proportional to the relative acceleration between its terminals, thus providing beneficial mass‐amplification effects. This paper deals with a dynamic layout in which the TMDI is installed below the isolation floor of base‐isolated structures in order to enhance the earthquake resilience and reduce the displacement demand. Unlike most of the literature studies that assumed a linearized behavior of the isolators, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the TMDI while accounting for the nonlinearity of the isolators. Two nonlinear constitutive behaviors are considered, a Coulomb friction model and a Bouc‐Wen hysteretic model, representative of friction pendulum and of lead‐rubber‐bearing isolators, respectively. Optimal design is based on the stochastic dynamic analysis of the system, by modeling the base acceleration as a Kanai‐Tajimi filtered stationary random process and resorting to the stochastic linearization technique to handle the nonlinear terms. Different tuning criteria based on displacement, acceleration, and energy‐based performance indices are defined, and their implications in a design process are discussed. It is proven that the improved robustness of the TMDI reduces its performance sensitivity to the tuning frequency and to the earthquake frequency content, which are well‐known shortcomings of TMD‐like systems. This important feature makes the TMDI particularly suitable for nonlinear base‐isolated structures that are affected by unavoidable uncertainties in the isolators' properties and that may experience changes of isolators effective stiffness depending on the excitation level.     

基于线性流变模型的基础隔震系统的动力特性研究

为了更准确地分析基础隔震系统的动态响应和隔离能力,构建服从Hooke定律、Kelvin/Voigt定律的线性流变模型,采用1977年罗马尼亚地震的数据资料,对该模型进行动力特性的理论分析和实验研究,然后建立相关参数的表达式,发现各参数受到黏性阻尼系数c的离散变化和角速度ω的连续变化影响较大。通过与实验对比发现所建立表达式是正确的。可以通过最大传递力Q0和运动传递率T来评估系统的动态隔离能力。     

基于磁流变阻尼器与弹性基础隔震耦合建筑的地震响应分析

为了减少地震时相邻建筑间相互撞击造成严重的结构损坏,运用Lyapunov法作为控制算法进行稳定性分析和控制器设计,对半主动控制以及两种混合控制方案性能进行了对比分析,经过研究发现,混合控制策略在缓解地震响应方面比半主动控制更有效。选取适当的混合控制能够减少支座位移,从而有效防止冲击。另外,通过参数学习发现增加隔震阻尼和强度会导致基础剪力增加和支座位移减小,选择适当的参数值,能够保证响应限定在一定范围内。     

Correction factors for SSI effects predicted by simplified models: 2D versus 3D rectangular embedded foundations

The effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications.     

Predominant period and equivalent viscous damping ratio identification for a full‐scale building shake table test

The predominant period and corresponding equivalent viscous damping ratio, also known in various loading codes as effective period and effective damping coefficient, are two important parameters employed in the seismic design of base‐isolated and conventional building structures. Accurate determination of these two parameters can reduce the uncertainty in the computation of lateral displacement demands and interstory drifts for a given seismic design spectrum. This paper estimates these two parameters from data sets recorded from a full‐scale five‐story reinforced concrete building subjected to seismic base excitations of various intensities in base‐isolated and fixed‐base configurations on the outdoor shake table at the University of California, San Diego. The scope of this paper includes all test motions in which the yielding of the reinforcement has not occurred and the response can still be considered ‘elastic’. The data sets are used with three system identification methods to determine the predominant period of response for each of the test configurations. One of the methods also determines the equivalent viscous damping ratio corresponding to the predominant period. It was found that the predominant period of the fixed‐base building lengthened from 0.52 to 1.30 s. This corresponded to a significant reduction in effective system stiffness to about 16% of the original stiffness. The paper then establishes a correlation between predominant period and peak ground velocity. Finally, the predominant periods and equivalent viscous damping ratios recommended by the ASCE 7‐10 loading standard are compared with those determined from the test building. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.