地磁日变测量系统便携化方案研究

分析目前海洋磁力测量时,采用G88X系列海洋磁力仪的地磁日变测量系统存在功耗高、体积大、质量重等问题。通过对磁力仪、电缆、数据采集计算机、UPS等各个部件的改装、改造、替换构思,提出一套完整的便携化方案,使整套系统的功耗、体积、质量均显著降低,从而实现系统便携化。     

0基于规则驱动的数字海图质量检测方法研究

将规则和规则库的原理和方法应用到了数字海图质量检测中,首先对数字海图质量规则的表示方法进行了介绍,在此基础上,对基于规则驱动的数字海图质量检测模型、流程和规则的定制进行了介绍,最后设计和构建了海图质量规则库的数据结构,分别对空间关系规则、属性约束规则描述表进行了定义和分析。     

国家经济地图集基础地理框架的建立

以新世纪版《中华人民共和国国家经济地图集》的编研为背景,探讨了新世纪地学研究和测绘地理信息技术条件下经济地图集基础地理框架建立的若干问题。针对地图集的多尺度、多分辨率、多时态及内容的多样性等特点,通过对比与需求分析,重点探讨了地图集的地图投影、比例尺与分幅、地图定向及地理底图的设计与应用,并最终确定了地图集基础地理框架方案。     

动态多基态变粒度时空修正模型在矿区地质环境中的应用

针对矿区地质环境污染面积动态变迁和实时监测问题,首先根据TGIS中的时间属性表达特性,分别将时间粒度表达和变粒度时空存储因子设计与现有的动态多级基态修正模型进行综合集成表示,提出了一种动态多基态变粒度的修正模型,实现了时间粒度动态变化过程中多基态自动确立问题;其次结合某矿区地质环境面积变迁的时空数据特征,分别设计了时空数据库的五库结构和数据库组织结构,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁时空数据库的逻辑和物理结构设计;然后通过结合TGIS和视频播放器原理,实现了矿区地质环境面积变化场景的回放,并采用空间数据库查询语句实现了地质环境面积变化的超前预演;最后以某矿区地质环境数据为例,实践表明：动态多基态变粒度的修正模型可实时监测矿区地质环境类型面积的变迁过程,增加了复垦区域的面积,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁数据的存储、再现和未来变迁的预演。     

Numerical modelling of climate change impacts on Saint‐Lawrence River tributaries

The impacts of climate‐induced changes in discharge and base level in three tributaries of the Saint‐Lawrence River, Québec, Canada, are modelled for the period 2010–2099 using a one‐dimensional morphodynamic model. Changes in channel stability and bed‐material delivery to the Saint‐Lawrence River over this period are simulated for all combinations of seven tributary hydrological regimes (present‐day and those predicted using three global climate models and two greenhouse gas emission scenarios) and three scenarios of how the base level provided by the Saint‐Lawrence River will alter (no change, gradual fall, step fall). Even with no change in base level the projected discharge scenarios lead to an increase in average bed material delivery for most combinations of river and global climate model, although the magnitude of simulated change depends on the choice of global climate model and the trend over time seems related to whether the river is currently aggrading, degrading or in equilibrium. The choice of greenhouse gas emission scenario makes much less difference than the choice of global climate model. As expected, a fall in base level leads to degradation in the rivers currently aggrading or in equilibrium, and amplifies the effects of climate change on sediment delivery to the Saint‐Lawrence River. These differences highlight the importance of investigating several rivers using several climate models in order to determine trends in climate change impacts. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向地理信息服务链的工作流技术应用研究

通过分析借鉴当今服务链技术与工作流技术研究成果,充分考虑地理信息数据量大、数据源异构性的特点,对适于地理信息服务链的过程建模方法、过程定义语言、建模工具以及工作流引擎的体系结构、调度算法、应用框架进行重新设计,实现了地理信息服务的可视化组合建模和服务链的自动执行。     

基流分割法在黄河流域地下水研究中的应用

为研究黄河流域地下水可再生能力变化规律和制定黄河流域水资源管理方案,应用基流指数法(BFI)和直线平割法的原理与方法,计算了黄河流域干流13个水文断面与20条主要支流31个水文断面的基流量,并分析了基流量的形成机理、地下水对黄河水的贡献、基流变化过程、流域地下水资源的构成及地下水资源总量.研究结果表明:花园口断面的基流量占多年平均径流量的44%,流域内河水与地下水存在极其密切的转化关系,地下水对黄河水的贡献很大.黄河的径流量与基流量主要来自兰州以上的源区,兰州断面的年径流量与基流量分别占花园口断面径流量的59%和60%;而兰州以下到花园口之间的上、中游地区,地下水对黄河水的贡献很小.1990年前后,黄河干流与支流河段的基流量发生了很大变化.除玛多以上的源头段基流量衰减率较大外(衰减率为0.38),兰州以上的干流河段基流量衰减率较小(0.08～0.20),而兰州以下的黄河干流基流量衰减率都很大(0.22～0.31).基流量的剧烈衰减是天然和人类活动(如地下水开采)共同作用下地下水资源量减少的结果.从流域水循环的观点考虑,黄河流域的区域地下水资源由参与黄河水循环的地下水资源、未参与黄河水循环的地下水资源和流域地下水的开采等3大部分构成.1990年6月-2000年6月近10年黄河流域地下水天然资源量平均值为353.9 亿m~3/a,比多年地下水资源量平均值减少了15 % .     

Impact model for simulation of base isolated buildings impacting flexible moat walls

Base isolated buildings subjected to extreme earthquakes can exceed their design displacements and impact against the surrounding moat wall. To better understand the consequences of impact on the superstructure, an impact element considering moat wall flexibility is proposed based on impact theory and observations during experimental simulations. It is demonstrated that numerical simulations using the proposed impact element can capture the dominant characteristics of the contact force observed in experiments of base isolated buildings impacting various moat wall configurations including concrete walls with soil backfill and rigid steel walls. The contact force is dependent on impact velocity, geometry, and material properties at the contact surface, and the global dynamic characteristic of the moat wall. Properties of the moat wall impact element are derived based on mechanics‐based models considering material properties and geometric measurements of the experimental setup. For this purpose, the moat wall is modeled as a flexural column with a concentrated nonlinear hinge at its base and soil backfill considered through a damped elastic foundation then generalized into a single degree of freedom system. The resulting impact element is shown to accurately capture both local deformation and the vibration aspects of impact observed in experiments and the effects of impact on superstructure response. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Full‐scale shaking table test of a base‐isolated medical facility subjected to vertical motions

Base isolation is a well known technology that has been proven to reduce structural response to horizontal ground accelerations. However, vertical response still remains a topic of concern for base‐isolated buildings, perhaps more so than in fixed‐base buildings as isolation is often used when high performance is required. To investigate the effects of vertical response on building contents and nonstructural components, a series of full‐scale shaking table tests were conducted at the E‐Defense facility in Japan. A four‐story base‐isolated reinforced concrete building was outfitted as a medical facility with a wide variety of contents, and the behavior of the contents was observed. The rubber base isolation system was found to significantly amplify vertical accelerations in some cases. However, the damage caused by the vertical ground motions was not detrimental when peak vertical floor accelerations remained below 2 g with three exceptions: (1) small items placed on shelves slid or toppled; (2) objects jumped when placed on nonrigid furniture, which tended to increase the response; and (3) equipment with vertical eccentricities rocked and jumped. In these tests, all equipment and nonstructural components remained functional after shaking. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and utilization of a national web-based chronology of hydrological events/Développement et utilisation sur internet d’une chronologie nationale d’événements hydrologiques

Abstract

Abstract The Chronology of British Hydrological Events (CBHE) has been created as an on-line information resource (http://www.dundee.ac.uk/geography/cbhe/) in order to enhance access to and use of historical facts pertaining to British hydrological phenomena. Its scope covers floods, droughts and all other notable historical phenomena of hydrological interest. This paper sets out the technical means by which the CBHE has been created, explains the benefits to hydrologists in creating such a facility, and illustrates its utility with a number of examples. Benefits include hydrological risk assessments, historical studies of individual events and objectives in environmental education. The scope for establishing comparable national chronologies for other countries is identified, along with prospects for enhancing the utility of such systems with additional functionality such as links to on-line gazetteers and maps.