基于双差动态定位的近实时潮位变化反演

基于GAMIT TRACK双差动态定位模块计算海洋潮汐.将不同基线组合下的计算结果分别与压力式验潮仪记录值比对,验证该方法的可行性和适应性;比较不同星历和基线组合的结果,得出在150km基线以内,采用IGS最终星历得到的潮位变化结果精度最高,但不具备实时性;超快速星历结果精度稍次之,可以用于实时GPS验潮;广播星历结果...     

Erratum: Comprehensive studies of solar activity on the CORONAS-F satellite [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Astronomy letters</Emphasis> 28, 401–410 (2002)]

The first results of comprehensive CORONAS-F observations of solar activity are presented. The CORONAS-F instrumentation and principal scientific objectives are briefly described and examples of the first results of data reduction are given. This article was republished due to two color figures (nos. 4 and 5) missed in the original translation. Our apologies to the authors and the readers of the journal. The online version of the original article can be found at     

建筑室内外环境的一体化设计

本文阐述了建筑室内外环境设计相辅相成的关系,从环境设计的形式、意象、意义等三个层面出发,提出一体化设计的方法、场所精神塑造和文化介入,并结合多年设计实践进行了案例分析。     

Using the social cost of carbon to value earth observing systems

The goal of this study is to show how to quantify the benefits of accelerated learning about key parameters of the climatic system and use this knowledge to improve decision-making on climate policy. The US social cost of carbon (SCC) methodology is used in innovative ways to value new Earth observing systems (EOSs). The study departs from the strict US SCC methodology, and from previous work, in that net benefits are used instead of only damages to calculate the value of information of the enhanced systems. In other respects the US SCC methodology is followed closely. We compute the surfeit expected net benefits of learning the actionable information earlier, with the enhanced system, versus learning later with existing systems. The enhanced systems are designed to give reliable information about climate sensitivity on accelerated timescales relative to existing systems; therefore, the decision context stipulates that a global reduced emissions path would be deployed upon receiving suitable information on the rate of temperature rise with a suitable level of confidence. By placing the enhanced observing system in a decision context, the SCC enables valuing this system as a real option.

Policy relevance

Uncertainty in key parameters of the climatic system is often cited as a barrier for near-term reductions of carbon emissions. It is a truism among risk managers that uncertainty costs money, and its reduction has economic value. Advancing policy making under uncertainty requires valuing the reduction in uncertainty. Using CLARREO, a new proposed EOS,as an example, this article applies value of information/real option theory to value the reduction of uncertainty in the decadal rate of temperature rise. The US interagency social cost of carbon directive provides the decision context for the valuations. It is shown that the real option value of the uncertainty reduction, relative to existing observing systems, is a very large multiple of the new system's cost.     

Urban fieldwork in geographical education in Levanger,Norway

Despite a long tradition of fieldwork and outdoor education in Norwegian schools, teachers and pupils are not familiar with conducting systematic field studies of modern urban environments. The authors of the present article are convinced that urban fieldwork ought to be included in the teaching syllabus in Norwegian schools, and for several years they have worked on developing urban fieldwork as a part of the study programme in teacher education at Nord-Trøndelag University College (Høgskolen in Nord-Trøndelag or HiNT). The fieldwork element has gradually been expanded, and in recent years pupils from neighbouring primary schools have participated in the programme. The use of ICT has increasingly become an important part of the work in the field as well as in the follow-up phase. Special emphasis has been put on the use of digital stories. The experiences of this work are presented and discussed in the article. In the final section of the article the authors discuss further development of urban fieldwork, paying particular attention to the use of new digital technology and enquiry approaches.     

GPS观测数据质量评价指标分析

对GPS观测数据质量进行评价是作业中一项重要环节,现有分级评价模型中的闽值并没有统一的标准,影响评价结果的客观性。分析了2011年陆态网络工程2000个点位GPS观测数据的主要质量元素的数学精度分布规律,根据正态分布的数学模型,确定了分级评价指标。并以GPS综合检定场的实测数据为例,验证了评价指标的合理性。     

如何预防野外雷击人身事故的发生

通过对多年的雷灾调查结果分析,就如何预防野外雷击人身事故的发生提出了一系列预防措施,避免雷击人身事故的发生。     

云南腾冲火山区地震/次声台阵建设

在中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项《地震重点监视区地震与次声联合台阵探测对比试验》支持下,在云南腾冲火山区建设了一个由4个子台组成的三角形地震/次声台阵,首次将宽频带地震计及次声传感器联合部署在强地震活跃区及火山区。本文详细介绍了腾冲火山区地震/次声台阵的建设及其观测系统组成,特别是与次声观测有关的次声降噪滤波系统,并提出了下一步研究工作。     

From 2D to 3D GIS for CyberCity

In order to understand the 3D landscape with many high buildings in a city, the 2D GIS has to be extended to 3D GIS. The further development of CyberCity has to include various applications of 3D scenes from the outdoor scenes to the indoor ones. In thispaper, some key techniques, such as data management method and dynamicalvisualization method for the outdoor and the indoor scenes, are discussed. The indoor scene is compared with the outdoor one. The idea of integratedrepresentation of the outdoor and the indoor scenes in CyberCity GIS is discussed.     

一种测定并置站垂线偏差的小网参数转换法

推导了传统全球卫星导航定位系统(GNSS)测定垂线偏差(Deflection of the Vertical, DOV)形式误差的表达式;提出一种可用以解算并置站DOV的小网参数转换法.利用乌鲁木齐南山多技术并置站控制网观测信息,开展了算法验证,并对该站内多个地点DOV开展了实测.结果表明,高精度的小网DOV仅由点位观测精度最高、覆盖面积最广的3个站点决定.个别精度较差的点会为DOV的测定值带来较大的不确定性;采用小网转换法所解算的DOV与实测值间的一致性分别为-2.3′′±4.3′′(子午分量)和0.2′′±4.6′′(卯酉分量);小网转换求取DOV的方法在精度上与经典的GNSS水准方法相当,但步骤更加简便.鉴于多技术并置站会不定期地开展本地测量,可利用该方法实现多技术并置站DOV的零成本长期监测.