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371.
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373.
基于等效残差积探测粗差的方差-协方差分量估计 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
已有方差-协方差分量估计(VCE)的粗差探测是对残差检验,而VCE的本质是利用残差的二阶量来估计它的二阶中心矩,因此更合理的方法应该对残差二阶量检验.由最小二乘残差估值导出了一组服从标准正态分布的等效残差;然后从等效残差的VCE基本方程出发,分别采用χ2统计量和正态积Np统计量检验等效残差的平方及其乘积.结果表明,采用... 相似文献
374.
The influence of El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the convectively coupled Kelvin waves over the tropical Pacific is investigated by comparing the Kelvin wave activity in the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio, central Pacific (CP) El Nio, and La Nia years, respectively, to 30-yr (1982-2011) mean statistics. The convectively coupled Kelvin waves in this study are represented by the two leading modes of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of 2-25-day band-pass filtered daily outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), with the estimated zonal wavenumber of 3 or 4, period of 8 days, and eastward propagating speed of 17 ms-1 . The most significant impact of ENSO on the Kelvin wave activity is the intensification of the Kelvin waves during the EP El Nios. The impact of La Nia on the reduction of the Kelvin wave intensity is relatively weaker, reflecting the nonlinearity of tropical deep convection and the associated Kelvin waves in response to ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The impact of the CP El Nio on the Kelvin waves is less significant due to relatively weaker SST anomalies and smaller spatial coverage. ENSO may also alter the frequency, wavelength, and phase speed of the Kelvin waves. This study demonstrates that low-frequency ENSO SST anomalies modulate high-frequency tropical disturbances, an example of weather-climate linkage. 相似文献
375.
EOF-LSTM神经网络的电离层TEC预报模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为有效利用电离层总电子含量序列的时间信息,提出一种经验正交函数分解与长短期记忆神经网络组合的预报模型,利用IGS提供的云南地区TEC格网数据,分别对不同地点和不同时段的电离层进行建模预报。实验结果表明,该模型在同一时段预报5 d的TEC值均方根误差最优达1.83 TECu,较单一模型减小16%,其平均相对精度最优达91.56%,较单一模型增加7%;在同一地点预报5 d的TEC值均方根误差最优达1.86 TECu,较单一模型减小25%,其平均相对精度最优达90.74%,较单一模型增加7%。 相似文献
376.
Daily precipitation and temperature records at 13 stations for the period 1960-2008 were analyzed to identify climatic change and possible effects of urbanization on low-temperature precipitation [LTP, precipitation of ≥ 0.1 mm d^-1 occurring under a daily minimum temperature (Tmin) of ≤ 0℃] in the greater Beijing region (B JR), where a rapid process of urbaniza tion has taken place over the last few decades. The paper provides a climatological overview of LTP in B JR. LTP contributes 61.7% to the total amount of precipitation in B JR in the cold season (November-March). There is a slight increasing trend [1.22 mm (10 yr)^-1] in the amount of total precipitation for the cold season during 1960-2008. In contrast, the amount of LTP decreases by 0.6 mm (10 yr)^-1. The warming rate of Train in B JR is 0.66℃ (10 yr)^-1. Correspondingly, the frequency of LTP decreases with increasing Tmin by -0.67 times per ℃. The seasonal frequency and amount of LTP in southeast B JR (mostly urban sites) are 17%-20% less than those in the northwestern (rural and montane sites). The intensity of LTP for the urban sites and northeastern B JR exhibited significant enhancing trends [0.18 and 0.15 mm d^- 1 (10 yr)^- 1, respectively]. The frequency of slight LTP (〈0.2 mm d^-1) significantly decreased throughout B JR [by about -15.74% (10 yr)^-1 in the urban area and northeast B JR], while the contribution of the two heaviest LTP events to total LTP amount significantly increased by 3.2% (10 yr) ^-1. 相似文献
377.
中国夏季降水异常EOF模态的时间稳定性分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文基于1980~2012年中国160个台站降水资料,利用滑动交叉检验等方法讨论了中国夏季降水距平和距平百分率EOF各模态的时间稳定性,在此基础上探讨了EOF方法在中国夏季降水短期气候预测中的应用条件和潜在能力。研究表明,随机剔除一年样本,中国夏季降水距平场前四个EOF模态表现出显著的稳定性。若时间系数完全预测准确,则潜在的可预测站点主要位于黄河以南地区,理想预测与原始降水的距平相关系数为0.6左右。相对而言,降水距平百分率各模态的时间稳定性易受极端降水事件的影响,当人为削弱这种影响后,随机剔除一年样本,其前三个模态的稳定性得到提高,潜在的可预测站点均匀分布,理想预测与原始降水的距平相关系数为0.48。但是,伴随着预报时效的增加,降水距平和距平百分率后三个EOF模态的时间稳定性下降,预示着EOF方法对未来两年以上降水的预测能力将会明显下降。 相似文献
378.
Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass, as well as community composition. Five methodolog-ical factors (sample dehydration, extraction solvent, extraction duration, number of extractions, and ratio of solvent volume: sample weight) were studied using an L9 (34) orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary (LDE), using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L9 (34) or-thogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important, with extraction duration the second most important, and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent vol-ume: sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone, methanol and water (80:15:5, by volume) was best for polar pigment extraction, with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study (i.e., peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin, pheophytin-a and β-carotene), 3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However, for chlorophyll-a, the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass, 12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent (3 ml) with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately, no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study, taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question. 相似文献
379.
为研究亚非夏季风降水的时空变化特征及其与热带东风急流的相关性,利用1948-2008年61年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用经验正交函数分解和奇异值分解等方法讨论了亚非夏季风降水的变化及其与热带东风急流的关系。结果表明:从包括撒赫勒在内的北非地区到印度西北部、青藏高原南部,直到中国华北东北地区,是亚非夏季降水的最主要的空间分布型式。亚非夏季风降水总体呈现出逐年递减的趋势。多年亚非季风区夏季降水分布与热带东风急流的强度有密切关系,在急流不同部位降水特征不同。亚非夏季风降水与热带东风急流呈显著正相关,二者的分布趋势在极大程度上吻合。 相似文献
380.
The grain yield per unit area in China has been increasing from 1949 to 1992 with annual fluctuations, which was caused by
both policies and monsoon climate. The total grain yield is divided into trend yield, which reflects the influence of economic
factors, and climate yield, which reflects the impact of climate factors. The results of grain and climate yield by EOF (empirical
orthogonal function) method show that the grain yield in the eastern China is higher and more fluctuating than that in the
western region. The spatial and temporal distributions of climate yield were divided into four patterns. Regional unanimity
of climate-yield variation is the first and main spatial pattern, and then there are the spatial patterns of north-south difference
and east-west difference in some years. Generally, climate conditions are good for grain yield during the 1950s and 1980s
all over the country.
Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China. 相似文献