Objective classification of galaxy spectra using the information bottleneck method

A new method for classification of galaxy spectra is presented, based on a recently introduced information theoretical principle, the information bottleneck . For any desired number of classes, galaxies are classified such that the information content about the spectra is maximally preserved. The result is classes of galaxies with similar spectra, where the similarity is determined via a measure of information. We apply our method to ∼6000 galaxy spectra from the ongoing 2dF redshift survey, and a mock-2dF catalogue produced by a cold dark matter (CDM) based semi-analytic model of galaxy formation. We find a good match between the mean spectra of the classes found in the data and in the models. For the mock catalogue, we find that the classes produced by our algorithm form an intuitively sensible sequence in terms of physical properties such as colour, star formation activity, morphology, and internal velocity dispersion. We also show the correlation of the classes with the projections resulting from a principal component analysis.     

An excess of very bright stars in the inner bulge

From an analysis of the stars remaining in central regions of the Galaxy after subtracting those belonging to the disc and the bulge, we deduce that the inner bulge must have an extra young population with respect to the rest of the bulge. It is shown that there is a higher ratio of very bright stars in the central bulge than there is in the outer bulge. This is interpreted as being an additional young component due to the presence of star formation regions near the Galactic Centre which is absent in the outer bulge.     

高阶晃动振型对LNG储罐地震响应的影响

为了研究高阶晃动振型对LNG储罐地震响应的影响,考虑高阶晃动振型,建立LNG储罐的简化力学模型,推导LNG储罐的运动控制方程,给出了LNG储罐的基底剪力、倾覆弯矩和储罐内液体晃动波高的表达式。以某16×10⁴ m³ LNG储罐为例,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ADINA System对其进行有限元模型分析,验证其修正模型的有效性,结果表明:高阶晃动振型对基底剪力和倾覆弯矩几乎无影响,但对晃动波高影响显著,尤其是长周期地震动作用下,并且考虑高阶晃动振型的晃动波高存在延时效应。提出的简化力学模型修正公式与有限元分析结果吻合较好,可以准确地预测LNG储罐地震响应。     

Place matters in sports: effects of the length of championship series on winning probabilities for the team with home field advantage

In this paper, I address the question of how the length of championship series between two teams can affect the probability that a team wins the series. The geographical element of the question enters through consideration of ‘home-field advantage’. This refers to the fact that in championship series, one of the teams has the benefit of one additional game that is scheduled to be played at home. This, coupled with the fact that teams typically have a higher likelihood of winning at home, leads to an interesting and surprisingly complex relationship between the length of a series and the probability of winning that series. Conclusions include the facts that (1) when the team with home-field advantage has a relatively small probability of winning away from home, it will fare relatively better in shorter series, and (2) the probability of winning a series can first become lower, but then become higher, as one progresses from 1-game series to 3-, 5- and 7-game series.     

近海北上热带气旋特征及对华东沿海地区影响分析

使用常规观测、FY2C卫星云图、CIMSS气象卫星云图分析、2000—2012年台风路径、NCEP再分析等资料,统计了2000年以来近海北上的热带气旋(下面统称为NTC)对华东沿海地区的风雨影响,分析了NTC的路径、强度、结构等特征,以及与华东沿海地区的风雨的关系。结果表明NTC对华东沿海地区是否有较严重风雨影响,取决于其北上路径与沿海地区距离的远近、NTC的强度和范围大小。当NTC中心距离陆地300 km,在124.5°E以西北上对华东沿海地区有较严重风雨影响,如果NTC强度在台风等级以上时会对上海产生较严重风雨影响。在125°E以东北上的NTC,强度在台风等级以下时对华东沿海地区影响较小。NTC在东海近海北上时,强台风、超强台风的强度是逐渐减弱的;较弱的台风或强热带风暴及热带风暴强度将维持或略有加强。NTC在东海近海北上时,当离沿海地区距离300 km时,结构易变得非对称。强度强和范围大的NTC结构也易变得非对称。NTC结构变得非对称后其强度将进一步减弱。随着NTC北上海温逐渐降低,在NTC西部靠近陆地其水汽条件比东部差,NTC结构会变得不对称,NTC北上到较高纬度风的垂直切变一般会变大,NTC脱离赤道辐合带后其水汽输送条件变差等等都会使较强的NTC北上后减弱。另外,NTC与所处的高低空环境相互作用也会影响其强度变化。     

Coherent Doppler Lidar Measurements of Wind Field Statistics

Coherent Doppler lidar measurements of wind statistics in the boundary layer are presented. The effects of the spatial averaging by the lidar pulse are removed using theoretical corrections and computer simulations. This permits unbiased estimates of velocity variance, spatial velocity structure functions, energy dissipation rate, and other point statistics of the velocity field.     

OBSERVATION RESEARCH FOR THE MEASURING RAINFALL CAPACITY OF TRMM/TMI-85.5G BASED ON PRECIPITATION DATA DURING THE HEAVY RAIN EXPERIMENT IN SOUTHERN CHINA

The capacity of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Satellite for measuring rainfall was examined by using TMI-85.5 GHz microwave image data and precipitation data during a heavy rainfall experiment in southern China. From comparisons with the distribution of rain amount in an hour with BB T of 85.5 GHz microwave, it is clear that the center of heavy rain corresponds with an area of low BB T value. The location and shape of BB T distribution is similar to that of precipitation, and the larger the rainfall rates, the lower the BB T . A statistic analysis shows that the correlation coefficients between BB T and rain rates is negative and significant. Especially, when the rain rate is over 7 mm/h, the correlation degree between BB T and rain rates is more significant. The results shows that TRMM/TMI-85.5 G has great ability to measure convective heavy rain.     

电磁波层析成像100例的统计分析

本文给出了最近十二年间１００个电磁波层析成像实例的统计资料，分析了电磁波层析的勘查精度与像元尺寸的关系，以及电波仪的频率设置，野外测量时的覆盖次数、方程组的欠定性等问题，并得出结论：为了提高电磁波层析的实用水平，需要研制频带宽、功率大和天线短的新一代电波仪；也需要研究欠定方程组模式下的成像方法和重建算法。与此同时，叙述了重建算法研究了模型设计与实际情况脱节的不足之处。