Reconstruction of eddies by assimilating satellite altimeter data into Princeton Ocean Model

An optimal interpolation assimilation model for satellite altimetry data is developed based on Princeton Ocean Model (POM), which is applied in a quasi-global domain, by the method of isotropic correlation between sea level anomaly (SLA) and sea temperature anomaly. The perfor- mance of this assimilation model is validated by the modeled results of SLA and the current patterns. Comparisons between modeling and satellite data show that both the magnitudes and distribution patterns of the simulated SLA are improved by assimilation. The most signiˉcant improvement is that meso-scale systems, e.g., eddies, are well reconstructed. The evolution of an eddy located in the northwest Paciˉc Ocean is traced by using the assimilation model. Model results show that during three months the eddy migrated southwestward for about 6 degrees before merging into the Kuroshio. The three dimensional structure of this eddy on 12 August 2001 is further analyzed. The strength of this warm, cyclonic eddy decreases with the increase of depth. The eddy shows di?erent horizontal patterns at di?erent layers, and the SLA and temperature ˉelds agree with each other well. This study suggests that this kind of data assimilation is economic and reliable for eddy reconstruction, and can be used as a promising technique in further studies of ocean eddies as well as other ˉne circulation structures.     

略论海洋测高卫星GPS厘米级定轨的实施基础

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,认为我国HY-2海洋二号卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基础是:选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;选择适合GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法

针对北斗导航卫星系统首创的GEO+IGSO+MEO混合星座设计,本文研究了根据不同星座,采取不同约束条件和数据处理策略的北斗卫星精密定轨方法,提出了一种针对北斗系统混合星座的分层约束精密定轨方案.该方案首先将北斗卫星分为非GEO(IGSO/MEO)和GEO两部分进行解算,利用GPS解算的公共参数对北斗IGSO/MEO精...     

梅江河流域年均降雨量空间插值方法研究

分析了降雨空间分布的影响要素及降雨空间插值的主要方法,并在此基础上,利用地理信息系统(GIS)的空间分析功能,综合考虑高程、坡度、坡向等影响降雨空间分布的多种要素,应用协克里金方法,探讨流域降雨量的空间插值问题及其应用,并与反距离权重法、克里金方法等单要素方法进行了降雨空间插值的效果比较.结果表明:应用协克里金方法,在综合考虑高程、坡度、坡向等影响要素的条件下,对降雨进行空间插值,其结果具有比较好的精度.     

矿体三维数据模型及品位插值方法研究

传统的储量计算方法采用几何平均法计算矿体的体积,用部分化验数据的平均品位代替矿块的整体品位,其计算精度很难满足需要.以三维矿体模型为基础计算矿体体积能够提高体积计算精度,以空间插值技术对矿体任意空间位置的品位进行估值,有助于提高品位估值的精度.提出了一种适于矿体储量计算的混合数据模型（线框块段模型）,详细论述了根据剖面数据生成矿体线框模型进而在线框模型基础上生成块段模型的方法.介绍了距离反比法和克立格法的原理,利用距离反比法结合某金矿体数据进行了储量估算,结果表明以线框块段模型为基础,采用空间插值技术计算矿体储量具有一定的实用价值.     

When do we need a trend model in kriging?

Under usual estimation practice with local search windows for data and for interpolation situations, universal kriging and ordinary kriging yield the same estimates, using a data set with apparent trend, for both the unknown attribute and its trend component. Modeling the trend matters only in extrapolation situations. Because conditions of the case study presented arise most frequently in practice, the simpler ordinary kriging is the preferred option.     

Fractal reconstruction of sea-floor topography

Sea-floor bathymetric profiles exhibit features at many different scales of length; this suggests that they could be described as fractals. An algorithm interpolating a fractal line between points has been used to reconstruct bathymetric profiles from a few data points. In general, this fractal line has the same Fourier amplitude spectrum as real bathymetry, and, if the parameters of the interpolation are suitably chosen, it has a very similar appearance. The success of this fractal reconstruction algorithm for the sea-floor raises the possibility that it could be used to extrapolate, from data collected at one scale, the properties of the sea-floor at finer scales, and that similar techniques could be used to interpolate a surface between bathymetric profiles. The fractal character is a sign that the processes that shape the sea-floor are scale invariant and suggests that the renormalization group technique could be used to model these processes.     

卫星轨道力学模型分析

本文分析了目前卫星定轨中采用的轨道力学模型误差状况。使用Ｌａ－ｇｅｏｓ卫星的全球激光测距资料，利用长短弧定轨比较方法，给出了力学模型误差对此卫星的影响特性，并对所采用的力模型进行定性、定量分析。结果表明，卫星长弧定轨误差源来自于力学背景尚不十分清楚的因素。     

HIRS/2 亮温直接应用于数值预报的试验研究

将极轨卫星HIRS/2探测仪的高分辨率亮温资料，经过定标、定位和其它一些预处理后，不经过反演，直接和其它观测资料一起用最优内插(OI)方法进行分析，给出数值预报初始场，并用国家气象中心的准业务有限区预报模式做预报试验。对比试验结果表明，在数值预报中直接使用亮温比使用反演资料更好。     

Uncertainty in Coal Property Valuation in West Virginia: A Case Study

Interpolated grids of coal bed thickness are being considered for use in a proposed method for taxation of coal in the state of West Virginia (United States). To assess the origin and magnitude of possible inaccuracies in calculated coal tonnage, we used conditional simulation to generate equiprobable realizations of net coal thickness for two coals on a 7 min topographic quadrangle, and a third coal in a second quadrangle. Coals differed in average thickness and proportion of original coal that had been removed by erosion; all three coals crop out in the study area. Coal tonnage was calculated for each realization and for each interpolated grid for actual and artificial property parcels, and differences were summarized as graphs of percent difference between tonnage calculated from the grid and average tonnage from simulations. Coal in individual parcels was considered minable for valuation purposes if average thickness in each parcel exceeded 30 inches. Results of this study show that over 75% of the parcels are classified correctly as minable or unminable based on interpolation grids of coal bed thickness. Although between 80 and 90% of the tonnages differ by less than 20% between interpolated values and simulated values, a nonlinear conditional bias might exist in estimation of coal tonnage from interpolated thickness, such that tonnage is underestimated where coal is thin, and overestimated where coal is thick. The largest percent differences occur for parcels that are small in area, although because of the small quantities of coal in question, bias is small on an absolute scale for these parcels. For a given parcel size, maximum apparent overestimation of coal tonnage occurs in parcels with an average coal bed thickness near the minable cutoff of 30 in. Conditional bias in tonnage for parcels having a coal thickness exceeding the cutoff by 10 in. or more is constant for two of the three coals studied, and increases slightly with average thickness for the third coal.