平面拓扑模型的多边形矢量更新算法

为了提高土地利用变更图斑的更新效率,文章提出了一种平面拓扑图模型下的多边形矢量数据更新算法:采用平面拓扑图的数据结构,实现多边形几何对象间的线段求交计算,解决多边形间在重点和重边情况下的几何裁剪问题;通过对底图几何对象与变更几何对象之间拓扑关系的判别,不仅能够检测出矢量底图数据中发生变化的几何信息,而且可以减少几何运算的次数,提升矢量数据的更新效率。实验结果表明该算法具有良好的适用性及较高的更新效率。     

Influences of retrogressive erosion of reservoir on sedimentation of its downstream river channel——A case study on Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River

Retrogressive erosion, a widespread phenomenon of sediment transport in reservoirs, often impacts on both the reservoir capacity and the sedimentation in the downstream river channel. Based on field data from the Sanmenxia Reservoir and the Lower Yellow River over the past decades, three courses of ret-rogressive erosion with distinctive features were analyzed. The results indicate that retrogressive erosion, especially caused by rapid reduction in the water level till the reservoir is empty, often results in the serious siltation of the lower Yellow River and threatens the safety of the flood control in the Lower Yellow River. Unreasonable operation of the reservoir and incoming hyperconcentrated floods accom-panied by retrogressive erosion also aggravate the siltation of the main channel of the river. However, a reasonable operation mode of the reservoir so named"storing the clear (low sediment concentration) water in the non–flood season, and sluicing the muddy(high sediment concentration) water in the flood season" was found, which might mitigate the deposition in both the reservoir and the Lower Yellow River. This operation mode provides important experience for the design and operation of large reser-voirs in other large rivers carrying huge amounts of sediment.     

适合飞机人工增雨作业天气系统的雷达回波特征分析

应用2004～2005年沈阳辉山新一代天气雷达资料和常规气象资料,对实施飞机人工增雨作业的天气系统、增雨作业云系及其雷达回波特征进行了归纳和分析,并提出了飞机人工增雨作业条件和作业时机、作业区域等判别方法,为实施飞机人工增雨作业提供科学依据。     

A data-driven method for optimal control of ship motions for safe crew transfer to offshore wind turbines

Due to uncertainties and random behavior of sea loads, presenting an accurate hydrodynamic analysis for motion control of offshore ships is a big challenge. This paper aims to propose a novel method for motion control of a crew transfer vessel (CTV) in order to ensure safe crew transfer to an offshore wind turbine (OWT). For this purpose, we propose a novel neural network observer-based optimal control (NOPC) scheme to tackle unknown dynamics and disturbances, nonlinear effects, and non-symmetric control input saturation constraints. Accordingly, the neural network (NN) structure addresses the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and forms an optimal control signal remaining in the saturation bounds. The Lyapunov theory guarantees the Ultimately Uniformly Boundedness (UUB) of all signals of the closed-loop system. The high performance of the presented method is demonstrated in regular waves with high frequency in comparison with the previous studies. It is worth mentioning that there are not any limitations to implement the adopted strategy for other offshore applications.     

Probabilistic downtime estimation for sequential marine operations

A marine project consists of series of operations, with each operation subject to a predefined operational limit and duration. If actual weather conditions exceed the operational limit, the operation cannot be executed and hence downtime occurs. An accurate assessment of uncertainties and the expected downtime during a marine project is important in the tender and execution phase. This paper proposes a new probabilistic model for downtime estimation. It utilizes linked Markov chains that use actual metocean conditions to produce binary workability sequences for each operation. Synthetic time-series can be generated based on the statistics of the past observations and more project simulations are realizable, reducing the simulation uncertainty. The capabilities and limitations of the proposed approach are illustrated in a case study for a hypothetical project in the Tasman Sea.     

矢量数据综合规则表达与实现方法——以土地利用数据综合为例

一库多用是GIS处理海量数据的有效方式。一库多用要求GIS能够从大比例尺数据生成小比例尺数据,这就要求GIS具备数据自动综合功能。GIS数据综合的关键是建立规则库,实现不同用户对规则库的自定义,以提高系统GIS数据自动综合的的通用性。GIS数据自动综合是计算机遵循的一定规则,对各个记录进行一一处理的过程。本研究基于产生式知识规则表达方式,提出"预存储规则"的实现方法。首先,最大量地收集与某一专题相关的所有知识规则,建立专题规则库;然后,根据相应的需求,在该专题规则库的基础上,通过用户接口定义不同应用规则库。该方法在一定程度上实现了程序与规则的分离和规则库的自定义。最后,给出了原型实验系统。     

车载激光扫描数据中建筑物立面快速提取

本文提出一种结合多种投影影像从车载激光扫描数据中提取建筑物的方法。该方法首先将点云数据投影到XOY平面,生成多种投影影像;然后结合建筑物几何语义特征,对已获取的投影影像进行几何约束与形态学运算,得到建筑物种子区域;在此基础上,通过设置高差阈值,在最高高程影像上进行建筑物种子区域的八邻域区域生长,得到建筑物区域;最后将影像上的建筑物区域反投影到三维空间,提取出建筑物目标。实验结果表明,该方法能有效提取点云数据中的建筑物立面,取得较高的正确率和完整率,且大大提高了计算效率。     

气象预报预警系统开发中VB与GRADS、FORTRAN混合编程技术

在气象信息综合分析处理系统的本地化过程中,可视化简单编程指令代码、格点数据分析显示系统和公式翻译器之间混合开发技术的研究是非常重要的问题。研究了利用可视化简单编程指令代码开发操作界面、公式翻译器运算数据、格点数据分析显示系统绘图三者有效结合的编程技巧,并通过两个具体案例给予了详细的技术说明。     

基于V9I的空间关系映射与操作

利用V9I模型中目标的边界、内部和Voronoi区域均可量测及易于操作的特点,研究建立底层数据结构与空间关系语义层之间的V9I映射机制,在Voronoi的动态栅格生成算法的基础上,构建空间关系的基本操作。最后,以VC++为开发工具并采用面向对象的技术,设计了基于V9I的空间关系操作工具原型VTKit,并给出部分操作实例。     

Induced seismicity in large-scale mining in the kola peninsula and monitoring to reveal informative precursors

Large volumes of rock mass, mined-out and moved within these deposits, resulted in irreversible changes in the geodynamic regime in the upper earth's crust of the adjacent territory. These changes manifest themselves in a more frequent occurrence of such intensive dynamic phenomena as tectonic rock bursts due to fault movement adjacent to the area which is mined-out and man-made earthquakes which sharply decrease mining safety and result in great material losses.To develop the prediction techniques of such phenomena, a monitoring system is created, based on the program of the Kola Complex of geodynamic measuring stations. Most of this system is realized in the region of the Khibiny apatite mines. The system provides regional seismological monitoring, local prediction of seismicity in separate areas of a rock mass and, determination of stress and strain in rock masses, local geophysical monitoring over the state of rocks in a rock mass as well as physical and mathematical modelling of geodynamic processes in the upper earth's crust.The investigations have resulted in the distinguishing of some regularities in manifestations of induced seismicity and tectonic rock bursts and in the determination of strain precursors of intensive seismic events in the Khibiny mines.The mechanism is provided by the induced seismicity which resulted from the anthropogenic impact on the geological medium. A geodynamic monitoring complex is described, which is used to reveal the precursors of powerful seismic eventsin situ, and monitoring results are shown, obtained in the Kola Complex of geodynamic stations. Methods of preventing tectonic rock bursts and induced earthquakes are presented.