海底电缆表面多次波衰减方法

海底电缆多次波衰减是国外地球物理研究的热点之一,国内研究关注相对较少,相应理论和实验研究相对匮乏。介绍了OBC多次波的压制方法,对上下行波场反褶积衰减海底电缆表面多次波方法理论及相应技术流程做出了详尽阐述。该方法不需要震源信息、不需要去掉直达波和鬼波,即可达到衰减表面相关多次波的目的,通过理论模型和实际资料的验证,取得了理想的效果。     

台风“巴蓬”对南海上层海洋水文特征与生态环境的影响

研究台风过境影响下海洋生态环境的变化是系统认识强天气过程下海洋响应问题的重要内容,对于防灾减灾、远洋运输等具有积极的意义。基于混合坐标海洋环流模式（Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM）数据,结合Aqua卫星搭载的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）传感器数据,研究了慢速移动的台风“巴蓬”（1929号）过境对南海海表温度、叶绿素浓度以及水体垂向温盐结构和流场特征的影响。结果显示,台风“巴蓬”过境期间,波高由3 m增加至9 m,海表流速由0.3 m/s增加至0.7 m/s,台风周围最大流速甚至超过1.8 m/s;台风过境后,海表温度由原25.8 ℃下降至24.9 ℃。在台风影响下,水体垂向混合增加,混合层深度增加近15 m,从23 m到38 m。混合层内上部温度降低、盐度略微增加,下部温度升高、盐度降低;上层水体流速增加,方向偏转近90°,流速变化幅度由表及底逐渐减小。台风过境后3天内,由于温度降低、光照减弱,并且垂向混合增强补充的营养盐仍未被浮游植物充分利用,因此,叶绿素浓度并未快速升高,而是呈现短期内浓度微增的现象。     

海底地震仪广角地震试验

介绍了海底地震仪(OBS)的基本原理、结构和海上调查方法,针对解决东海冲绳海槽地壳结构及性质等目的,利用大容量气枪枪阵震源和海底地震仪在东海冲绳海槽首次开展人工地震深部地球物理探测试验。本次试验布设一条NNW—SSE向垂直构造走向的勘测线,共投放海底地震仪40台,回收成功36台。获得了有效的深部地震数据,可识别到Pg、PmP、Pn等多种震相。此次试验是我国在冲绳海槽深部探测中的成功示范,有效填补了该地区深部地震数据的空白,为解决冲绳海槽深部地质问题奠定了坚实的基础。     

弹性椭球地球模型的海潮效应

本文推证了比较完整的弹性椭球地球模型的海潮负荷理论和计算公式,它对弹性球型地球模型海潮效应计算的发展起了一定的作用。     

勒夫波群速度频散与太平洋地壳及上地幔三维构造

应用现代适配滤波频时分析技术对SRO/GDSN长周期面波记录进行处理,获得穿过太平洋盆地的117条波路径的勒夫波频散数据。我们用改进的分格频散反演方法,从混合路径频散数据中提取出对应于构成整个太平洋盆地的10°×10°分格的纯路径频散数据。所获得的18s到215s范围内的28个周期的太平洋勒夫波群速度的横向分布,揭示了速度随海底年龄的增大而逐渐增加的总趋势,以及其它变化细节。例如,对于同一等年龄线区而言,北太平洋及南太平洋的群速度要比中太平洋的低0.1—0.3km/s。在分格模型反演的基础上得出的深至300km的三维剪切波速度结构提供了太平洋盆地地壳及上地幔横向不均匀性的详尽的描述。     

海底可控源电磁测量电路的Linux驱动程序

国外的水合物探测试验证明,可控源电磁法是探测天然气水合物的有效方法之一.开展海底可控源电磁法工作的重点之一在于研制高精度、高可靠、低功耗观测海底可控源电磁信号的设备.为可靠地观测海底可控源电磁场宽频带、大动态范围信号,设计了以Linux与ARM9相结合的测量电路,并开发了Linux2.4内核下的设备驱动程序.本文分别论述了采集硬件原理,Linux字符设备驱动模型,SSC和GPS对钟驱动实例.     

南海东部次海盆地震背景噪声分析

背景噪声的强弱是影响地震台站观测的一个重要因素。获取背景噪声的分布特征对评估海底地震仪记录数据质量及对数据的降噪处理均具有重要的指示意义。利用概率密度函数方法获取台站数据的功率谱密度的概率分布特征并与全球背景噪声高值模型和低值模型进行对比是研究台站周围环境背景噪声水平的有利手段。本研究基于南海大规模的被动源海底地震仪台阵长期观测实验的部分数据,利用概率密度函数方法研究了南海的背景噪声。首先,在全频段上对背景噪声进行了分析,并与其他台站做了对比,发现海洋的背景噪声在微震段和低频段大于高值模型且在全频带上远大于陆基台站的背景噪声,这表明海底地震仪数据质量并不高;其次,对观测过程中出现的地震事件以及其他典型信号的概率密度分布进行了归纳总结,发现远震事件、近震事件和数据丢失现象分别具有不同的优势频段和特征,这对后续滤波处理和质量检查具有重要指示意义;最后,研究了背景噪声的时间变化特征,发现台风是导致微震段时间变化的主要原因。     

Distribution of the nonlinear random ocean wave period

Because of the intrinsic difficulty in determining distributions for wave periods, previous studies on wave period distribution models have not taken nonlinearity into account and have not performed well in terms of describing and statistically analyzing the probability density distribution of ocean waves. In this study, a statistical model of random waves is developed using Stokes wave theory of water wave dynamics. In addition, a new nonlinear probability distribution function for the wave period is presented with the parameters of spectral density width and nonlinear wave steepness, which is more reasonable as a physical mechanism. The magnitude of wave steepness determines the intensity of the nonlinear effect, while the spectral width only changes the energy distribution. The wave steepness is found to be an important parameter in terms of not only dynamics but also statistics. The value of wave steepness reflects the degree that the wave period distribution skews from the Cauchy distribution, and it also describes the variation in the distribution function, which resembles that of the wave surface elevation distribution and wave height distribution. We found that the distribution curves skew leftward and upward as the wave steepness increases. The wave period observations for the SZFII-1 buoy, made off the coast of Weihai (37°27.6′ N, 122°15.1′ E), China, are used to verify the new distribution. The coefficient of the correlation between the new distribution and the buoy data at different spectral widths (ν=0.3−0.5) is within the range of 0.968 6 to 0.991 7. In addition, the Longuet-Higgins (1975) and Sun (1988) distributions and the new distribution presented in this work are compared. The validations and comparisons indicate that the new nonlinear probability density distribution fits the buoy measurements better than the Longuet-Higgins and Sun distributions do. We believe that adoption of the new wave period distribution would improve traditional statistical wave theory.     

利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数

选取高纬地区的3个CORS站以及中纬地区的SHAO测站,利用PPP浮点解计算测站未经海潮负荷位移改正的坐标时间序列,采用傅里叶变换方法提取分潮的周期信息,进而反演其中8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数,将其与5个全球海潮模型DTU10、EOT11a、GOT4.8、TPXO.7.2、FES2004计算得到的海洋负荷位移参数比较。结果表明,PPP反演得到的8个主要分潮的海潮负荷位移参数与海潮模型计算结果具有较好的一致性,两者均方根差异为mm级,说明利用PPP反演海潮负荷位移参数是可行的。     

EXPERIMENTS OF A REDUCED GRID IN LASG/IAPWORLD OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS (OGCMs)

Due to the decrease in grid size associated with the convergence of meridians toward the poles in spherical coordinates, the time steps in many global climate models with finite-difference method are restricted to be unpleasantly small. To overcome the problem, a reduced grid is introduced to LASG/IAP world ocean general circulation models. The reduced grid is implemented successfully in the coarser resolutions version model L30T63 at first. Then, it is carried out in the improved version model LICOM with finer resolutions. In the experiment with model L30T63, under time step unchanged though, execution time per single model run is shortened significantly owing to the decrease of grid number and filtering execution in high latitudes. Results from additional experiments with L30T63 show that the time step of integration can be quadrupled at most in reduced grid with refinement ratio 3. In the experiment with model LICOM and with the model’s original time step unchanged, the model covered area is extended to the whole globe from its original case with the grid point of North Pole considered as an isolated island and the results of experiment are shown to be acceptable.