三维探地雷达在城市地下管线探测中的应用

城市的扩建、旧城的改造以及水生态建设等都离不开对城市原有地下管线的调查,精准探测地下管线的分布情况是保障管线安全和确保市政工程正常运行的重要工作.为提高城市地下管线探测精度,本文采用三维探地雷达在东莞进行管线探测研究.结果表明,三维探地雷达能显示不同方向、不同埋深、不同类型的地下管线,在城市地下管线探测工作中应用效果显...     

An analysis of changes in the urban landscape composition and configuration in the Sancaktepe District of Istanbul Metropolitan City,Turkey using landscape metrics and satellite data

Changes in landscape composition and configuration patterns of Sancaktepe Municipal District in the Asian side of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey were analysed using landscape metrics. Class-level and landscape-level metrics were calculated from the land cover/land use data using Patch Analyst, an extension in the Arc View GIS. The land cover/land use data were derived from classified satellite images of Landsat Thematic Mapper of 2002 and 2009 for Sancaktepe District. There was evidence of increase in agglomeration process of built-up patches as indicated by the increases in mean patch size, decrease in total edge and number of patches between 2002 and 2009. The urban expansion pattern experienced overall was not fragmented but concentrated due to infilling around existing patches. Changes in Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index and Area-Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension Index indicated that the physical shapes within built-up, forest and bareland areas were relatively complex and irregular. A conclusion is made in this study that spatial metrics are useful tools to describe the urban landscape composition and configuration in its various aspects and certain decisions whether to approve a specific development in urban planning could, for example, be based on some measures of urban growth form or pattern in terms of uniformity and irregularity, attributable to the dynamic processes of agglomeration and fragmentation of land cover/land use patches caused by urban expansion.     

Soil characterization based on land cover heterogeneity over a tropical landscape: an integrated approach using earth observation data-sets

Soil is a vital part of the natural environment and is always responding to changes in environmental factors, along with the influences of anthropogenic factors and land use changes. The long-term change in soil properties will result in change in soil health and fertility, and hence the soil productivity. Hence, the main aim of this paper focuses on the analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) change pattern in spatial and temporal perspective and to present its impact on soil properties in the Merawu catchment over the period of 18?years. Post classification change detection was performed to quantify the decadal changes in historical LULC over the periods of 1991, 2001 and 2009. The pixel to pixel comparison method was used to detect the LULC of the area. The key LULC types were selected for investigation of soil properties. Soil samples were analysed in situ to measure the physicochemical soil properties. The results of this study show remarkable changes in LULC in the period of 18?years. The effect of land cover change on soil properties, soil compaction and soil strength was found to be significant at a level of <0.05.     

复杂背景下的仿蝇视觉遥感异常检测

本文针对遥感影像复杂背景下,背景地物光谱特征与目标光谱特征之间存在较强相关性的问题,提出一种基于仿蝇视觉的复杂背景下遥感异常检测算法。首先构建并行多孔径背景模型,实现对复杂背景特征的自适应描述;然后基于异常目标的光谱特征相对异常性,采用相对马氏距离区分异常区域、不确定区域与无目标区域,消除背景与目标光谱相关性对检测结果干扰的同时,弥补了传统假设检验无法区分无目标和不确定问题的不足;最后融合多个背景模型的检测结果,实现异常目标检测。仿真实验将围绕多种背景地物并存复杂区域的异常检测验证本文算法的有效性。     

一种ENC数据在空间信息平台下的转换方法

通过解析电子航海图(electronic navigational chart,ENC)的数据空间组织结构与数据模型,提出一种利用数据存储方式建设ENC专题数据库的方法,这种存储方式解决了多物标类多属性的统一存储问题,简化了数据的存储结构.同时,基于设计的ENC数据解析与读取方法,结合ENC动态符号化技术,在空间信息平...     

改进Faster R-CNN的遥感图像多尺度飞机目标检测

为了提高遥感图像中多尺度飞机目标的检测精度,本文提出一种基于改进Faster R-CNN的遥感图像飞机目标检测方法。该方法借助多层级融合结构,将深层次的语义特征与浅层次的细节特征相结合,生成多种尺度的既具有精确的位置信息又具有深层次的语义特征的特征图;再借助Faster R-CNN的多尺度RPN (Region Proposal Network)机制,通过对RPN中候选区域尺度的修正,从而提高遥感图像中多尺度飞机目标的定位精度;最后利用Faster R-CNN的分类回归网络,得到飞机目标检测结果。在高分辨率遥感图像中进行了实验,对3种特征提取网络ZF、VGG-16以及ResNet-50进行改进,改进后的精度分别提高了11.34%、9.87%以及1.66%,并且生成的检测框更加贴合飞机目标。实验结果表明,本文方法适用于遥感图像多尺度飞机目标检测,在提高目标定位精度的同时降低了目标漏检现象。     

具有稳健初值的选权迭代法曲面拟合模型粗差探测

将抗差估计的思想融入到二次曲面模型粗差探测的算法中,设计出对模型误差特别是粗差具有抵抗能力的粗差探测算法。稳健初值的选权迭代法即为抗差估计的一种,首先是通过线性规划的单纯形解法来计算观测值的残差,然后再根据残差和有关的参数,按所选择的权函数,计算每个观测值的权,经过迭代计算求得观测值的残差。通过实例证明,具有稳健初值的选权迭代法具有较强的稳健性和粗差探测能力。     

城市三维地下管线定位及埋深探测技术研讨

根据国土管理部门的业务需要,城市三维地籍测量之地下空间要素的测量工作日益受到重视,地下管线的测量、探测项目不断增多,管线定位、埋深探测技术在城市地下管线基础数据采集和三维数据库建设中发挥着重要的作用。本文介绍了目前地下管线实际应用的几种探测方法,并从应用电磁法探测地下金属管线的基本理论出发,对三种观测系统的定位及埋深探测误差进行了对比和分析。     

AdaBoost算法在街景图像数据隐私保护中的应用

针对街景图像数据提出一种图像数据隐私保护技术,研究了基于Ada Boost的人脸检测技术,针对街景图特点,引入肤色检测和眼睛定位技术来提高街景图像的检测速度和精确程度。同时,研究了基于Ada Boost的车牌检测技术,并结合街景图中车辆位置与车牌颜色特征来提高检测的精确程度。最后讨论了对人脸与车牌视觉内容的保护技术。     

一种多特征融合的面向对象多源遥感影像变化检测方法

当前,随着遥感影像数据来源越来越丰富,且分辨率越来越高,传统的变化检测方法已经无法满足实际应用的需要。针对这一问题,提出了一种多特征融合的面向对象多源遥感影像变化检测方法。在对象获取和多种特征提取的基础上,利用SVM对高维数据分类的优异特性,将基于SVM的二类分类方法与对象级变化检测有机结合,提高了多源遥感影像变化检测的精度和可靠性。结合人工目视判读,设计了一种面向地物的指标计算方法。实验采用多源多时相的遥感影像进行,并对不同地物变化检测的精度进行统计,验证了提出方法的有效性。